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The 

Marietta    Celebration 

of 

October    17 '13 
I  go6 


Containing  full  report  of  exercises  and  addresses  de- 
livered on  the  occasion  of  the  dedication  of  Fayer- 
weather  Hall  and  the  Library  at  Marietta 
College,  and  the  installation  of  the 
Ohio  Company's  Tablet  on  the 
College  Campus. 


■•-*  ''♦* j«. »». 


PUBLISHED  BY  THE  COLLEGE 


Ms 


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A 


HE    CHAMPLIN      PRESS 
COLUMBUS,    OHIO 


CONTENTS 


PAGE 

General  Introduction 5 

Program  of  the  Week  of  Celebration 8 

Story  of  Wednesday 11 

Program  of  Wednesday 14 

Addresses  of  Wednesday: 

Historical  Statement, William  W.  Mills  15 

Dedication  of  Library, Pres.  A.  T.  Perry  20 

Response  on  behalf  of  Faculty, 

Dean  J.  H.  Chamberlain  20 

Dedication  of  Fayerweather  Hall, 

Pres.  A.  T.  Perry  23 

Response  on  behalf  of  the  students 

George  S.  Humphrey,  W  23 

Oration, Pres.  W.  D.  Mackenzie  26 

Story  of  Thursday 39 

Program  of  Thursday 41 

Presentation  of  Tablet, Homer  Lee,  Esq.  42 

Acceptance, ---Mayor  Leeper,  Pres.  Perry  44-45 

Greeting  from  Ohio, Gov.  A.  L.  Harris  48 

Greeting  from  the  United  States 

Vice  President  Chas.  W.  Fairbanks  54 

Oration, Prof.  Albert  Bushnell  Hart  58 

Harvard  University 

Program  of  Banquet 

Toastmaster,  Hon.  Chas.  G.  Dawes  78 

Toasts:— Vice  President  Chas.  W.  Fairbanks  80 

Homer  Lee 84 

Col.  Douglas  Putnam 85 

A.  D.  Follett 88 

Hon.  Nicholas  Longworth 92 

Hon.  R.  D.  Cole 96 

Hon.  Chas.  W.  Archbold 101 

Thomas  H.  Kelley 103 

Attorney-General  Wade  Ellis 107 

Hon.  John  McSweeney 110 


363795 


INTRODUCTORY 


The  famous  celebration  week  at  Marietta  last  Octo- 
ber came  about  partly  by  planning  and  partly  through 
a  fortunate  accident.  The  completion  of  the  new 
buildings  of  Marietta  College  came  at  the  moment 
when  the  Ohio  Company  was  ready  to  place  the  sec- 
ond of  their  beautiful  tablets  which  they  propose  to 
distribute  to  the  memory  of  the  brave  men  who  made 
the  beginning  of  civilization  in  "the  wooden  country'' 
beyond  the  Alleghenies.  By  pure  accident  the  State 
meeting  of  the  Ohio  Daughters  of  Revolution  was 
scheduled  to  be  held  at  Marietta  during  the  very 
week  chosen  for  the  celebration,  and  the  Ohio  Valley 
Historical  Society,  seeking  a  suitable  date  for  their 
proposed  centennial  celebration  of  the  Burr-Blenner- 
hassett  episode  of  1806,  chose  this  opportune  week 
for  a  meeting  at  Parkersburg.  While  not  nominally 
a  "home-coming''  week  to  Mariettans,  it  was  such  to 
a  considerable  extent,  for  the  array  of  speakers  placed 
on  the  programs  of  the  various  days  was  quite  as  dis- 
tinguished as  on  any  previous  occasion  in  the  history 
of  the  city,  while  the  presence  of  Mrs.  Longworth, 
representing  Theodore  Roosevelt,  added  more  than  the 
usual  degree  of  interest  to  the  reception  Wednesday 
evening  and  the  events  of  Thursday. 

The  new  Ohio  Company  of  Associates,  a  society 
of  gentlemen  living  mostly  in  New  York,  of  which 
Whitelaw  Reid  is  president,  placed  on  the  Sub-Treas- 

5 


ury  building  in  New  York,  one  year  ago,  the  first  of 
their  memorial  tablets;  no  sooner  was  this  accom- 
plished than  plans  were  laid  for  installing  the  second 
on  the  campus  of  Marietta  College;  the  New  York 
tablet  commemorated  the  signing  of  the  contract  be- 
tween the  old  Ohio  Company  and  the  United  States 
Government  which  placed  in  private  hands  the  first 
acre  in  the  "Old  Northwest."  The  Marietta  tablet 
celebrated  the  advent  of  the  first  representatives  of 
the  Ohio  Company  on  the  land  that  they  had  pur- 
chased. Another  tablet  is  appropriately  planned  to 
stand  on  the  former  site  of  the  "Bunch  of  Grapes'' 
Tavern  in  Boston,  where  the  Ohio  Company  was  form- 
ed through  the  efforts  of  its  earnest  leaders  Putnam, 
Cutler  and  Tupper.  Other  tablets  will  be  raised  in 
the  present  capitals  of  the  States  formed  from  the 
"Old  Northwest." 

These  monuments  will  serve  a  peculiarly  valuable 
purpose,  namely  to  impress  upon  all  the  significant 
and  important  fact  that  the  first  legal  settlement  of 
this  western  country  was  the  result  of  a  compact  be- 
tween a  company  of  men  and  the  United  States  Gov- 
ernment. The  effect  of  this  compact  was  vital,  na- 
tional. The  little  yellow  Ohio  Company  contract 
preserved  by  Marietta  College  with  reverent  fidelity, 
is  as  precious  a  document  as  the  Ordinance  which  our 
Government  holds  more  dear  than  any  of  her  docu- 
ments, excepting  only  the  Declaration  of  Indepen- 
dence; for  this  Contract  between  the  Ohio  Company 
and  the  United  States  Board  of  Treasury  made  pos- 
sible the  Ordinance;  and  the  party  of  the  second  part 
in  this  compact  was  given  free-hand  to  alter  or  amend 
this  marvelous  document ;  and  when  it  left  their  hands 
it  was  so  powerful  an  instrument  that  Daniel  Webster 
said  of  it  "I  doubt  whether  one  single  law  of  any  law- 

6 


giver  ancient  or  modern  has  produced  effects  of  more 
distinct,  marked,  and  lasting  character";  and  our 
own  President  has  called  the  Ordinance  "The  greatest 
blow  struck  for  freedom  and  against  slavery  in  all 
our  history,  save  only  Lincoln's  Emancipation  Proc- 
lamation." 

Now,  whatever  place  be  accorded  to  the  Ordinance 
of  1787,  it  is  not  possible  to  separate  it  from  the 
Ohio  Company,  or  look  upon  it  other  than  as  a  law 
formed  and  made  effective  by  that  Company.  Of 
course  former  Ordinances  were  used  in  part  as  basis 
for  that  of  1787,  and  many  men  had  part  in  its  mak- 
ing, but  the  fact  remains  that  it  was  made  for  the 
Ohio  Company  and  at  last  put  into  the  hands  of  their 
agent,  Manasseh  Cutler,  for  final  revision. 

It  is  more  than  appropriate,  then,  that  there  should 
stand  within  the  city  limits  of  Marietta  a  monument 
to  the  Ohio  Company.  The  priority  of  the  Marietta 
settlement  is  not  the  fact  of  greatest  significance, 
since  there  were  thousands  in  Pennsylvania  and  Vir- 
ginia who  were  ready  and  eager  to  cross  the  Ohio 
River  before  the  lands  here  were  open  for  sale;  the 
profound  significance  of  the  settlement  was  that  it 
was  made  by  a  Company,  under  the  terms  of  a  com- 
pact with  the  United  States  Government,  this  com- 
pact making  possible  the  enactment  of  the  Ordinance 
which  gave  free  government  to  all  the  great  North- 
west. 

Archer  B.  Hulbert. 

Marietta,  Ohio,  December  5,  1906 


FULL  PROGRAM  OF  THE  WEEK 


Tuesday,  October  16 

Union  Veteran  Association  of  Washington  Countyy 
Col.  T.  W,  Moore,  President;  L.  J.  Cutter, 
Secretary. 
2 :00  P.  M.     Regimental  Reunions. 
7:00  P.  M.     General  Campfire  in  the  Auditorium. 
General  R.  B.  Brown,  National  Commander  of  G.  A. 
R.,  principal  speaker.       Annual  parade  Wednesday 
morning. 

Wednesday,  October  17 

Btate  Conference  of  the  Daughters  of  the  American 

Revolution;  Mrs.  James  L.  Botsford,  Regent; 

Mrs.  William  A.  Smith,  Secretary. 

Sessions  were  held  at  10 :00  A.  M.  and  1 :30  P.  M. 

on  Wednesday,  and  10:00  A.  M.  on  Thursday.     An 

Address  was  delivered  by  Hon.  E.   O.  Randall  on 

Wednesday  afternoon. 

Wednesday,  October  17 

Marietta  College  Celebration. 

2:00  P.  M.  Mid-year  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees. 

3:00  P.  M.  Dedication  of  two  new  buildings  of 
Marietta  College,  Fayerweather  Hall,  a  men's  Dormi- 
tory, and  the  new  Library,  in  large  part  the  gift  of 
Mr.  Andrew  Carnegie.  Address  by  Pres.  W.  D. 
Mackenzie,  D.  D.,  of  Hartford,  Conn. 

8 


Gen.  Arthur  St.  Clair 

Governor  of  the  Norlluvest  Territory. 

fFrom  painting  by  Filson,  presented  to  Marietta  College  by  W.  H.  Hunter. 


7:00  P.  M.  General  Reception  to  the  Public.  The 
College  Trustees,  assisted  by  others,  received  in  the 
new  Library,  the  College  Faculty  in  Fayerweather 
Hall  and  the  Academy  Faculty  in  Andrews  Hall, 
Band  Concert;  College  Sing;  General  illumination  of 
the  Campus. 

Thursday,  October  18 

Ohio  Company  Celebration  under  the  auspices  of  the 

Marietta  Board  of  Trade;  Howard  W.  Stanley, 

President;  Robert  M.  Nolly  Secretary. 

2:30  P.  M.  Unveiling  of  Bronze  Tablet  on 
Campus  of  Marietta  College.  This  was  preceded  by 
a  short  parade  escorting  speakers  to  the  Campus. 
Exercises  included:  Presentation  of  Tablet  by 
Homer  Lee,  Esq.,  of  New  York;  Unveiling  by  Mrs. 
Alice  Roosevelt  Longworth;  Acceptance  by  Mayor 
Leeper,  and  President  Perry  of  the  College;  Brief 
Addresses  by  Governor  Harris  and  Vice-President 
Fairbanks;  Historical  Address  by  Professor  Albert 
Bushnell  Hart,  of  Harvard  University: 

7:00  P.  M.  Banquet  at  the  College  Gymnasium 
with  after  dinner  speaking  by  many  distinguished 
visitors. 

Thursday,  October  18 

3:30  P.  M.  Foot  Ball  Game  between  Marietta 
College  and  West  Virginia  University  at  Fair 
Grounds,  Marietta. 

Friday,  October  19 

Burr-Blennerhassett  Centennial  under  the  auspices 

of  the  Business  Men's  League^  of  Parkersburg. 

Hon.  J.  N.  Camden^  President;  George 

W.  Summers,  Secretary. 

Excursion  to  Blennerhassett  Island,  leaving  Mari- 

9 


etta  at  1:00  P.  M.  (Central  Time)  and  Parkersburg 
3:00  P.  M.  (Eastern  Time). 

6:00  P.  M.  (Eastern  Time)  Luncheon  to  distin- 
guished guests  at  Chancellor  Hotel. 

8:00  P.  M.  (Eastern  Time)  General  Meeting  of 
Ohio  Valley  Historical  Society  in  Camden  Theatre, 
Parkersburg.  Col.  Douglas  Putnam,  President; 
Archer  B.  Hulbert,  Secretary.  Address  by  Vice-Pres- 
ident Fairbanks,  and  Historical  Address  by  Mr.  John 
Mc Sweeney,  of  Wooster,  Ohio. 


10 


STORY  OF  WEDNESDAY 


The  story  of  Wednesday,  October  17,  is  one  that 
will  forever  live  in  the  annals  of  Marietta  College, 
containing  as  it  does  the  first  chapter  of  the  history 
of  the  New  and  Greater  Marietta  At  the  opening 
of  the  year  1905  Mr.  Andrew  Carnegie's  promise  to 
Marietta  came  as  welcome  news  to  all  friends  of  the 
old  college;  despite  obstacles  of  no  mean  proportions 
a  sum  exceeding  forty  thousand  dollars  was  sub- 
scribed for  the  two  new  buildings  which  now  on  this 
beautiful  October  day  were  to  be  set  apart  by  solemn 
service  to  the  high  mission  for  which  they  were  erec- 
ted. 

Though  the  Library  was  not  fully  completed,  both 
Library  and  Fayerweather  Hall  were  royally  dressed 
for  the  auspicious  occasion  through  the  efforts  of 
Mrs.  Mills  and  her  cohorts  of  workers.  A  profusion 
of  bunting  and  an  ocean  of  autumn  foliage  trans- 
formed the  Library  into  a  bower  of  beauty,  while 
Fayerweather  Hall  was  ablaze  with  blue  and  white 
banners  and  streamers. 

The  mid-year  meeting  of  the  Trustees  was  held  at 
two  o'clock  in  the  President's  office,  at  which  encour- 
aging reports  were  read  and  accepted.  An  hour  later 
before  a  splendid  audience,  with  the  Marietta  Band 
discoursing  music  from  the  platform  erected  beside 
the  gigantic  stone  which  was  to  bear  the  Ohio  Com- 
pany's tablet,  the  Library  and  Dormitory  were  appro- 
priately dedicated. 

11 


The  beautiful  scene  on  the  campus  during  Wednes- 
day afternoon  was  but  a  foretaste  of  the  brilliant 
pageant  of  the  evening.  Never  in  its  history,  accord- 
ing to  the  "oldest  inhabitant/'  had  the  college  cam- 
pus been  so  brilliantly  illuminated.  Long  lines  of 
swinging  Japanese  lanterns  marked  the  walks  to  and 
between  the  five  brightly  lighted  buildings  where  the 
receptions  of  the  evening  were  being  held. 

The  full  Marietta  Band  played  throughout  the  even- 
ing. At  eight  o'clock  there  was  a  College  sing,  led 
by  Professor  Goodrich,  which  was  greatly  enjoyed, 
then  the  bonfire  was  lighted  and  the  students  had  a 
walk  around.  While  this  entertainment  was  going 
on  outside,  the  more  formal  reception  was  proceed- 
ing within  the  buildings.  The  receiving  line  in  the 
Library  was  a  varying  one,  only  President  and  Mrs. 
Perry  being  present  throughout,  some  of  the  Trustees 
and  their  wives,  some  of  the  Board  of  Trade  recep- 
tion committee  being  present  a  part  of  the  time. 
Among  those  in  the  receiving  line  during  the  even- 
ing were  Mr.  Howard  Stanley,  Congressman  and  Mrs. 
B.  G.  Dawes,  Representative  and  Mrs.  Geo.  White,  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  A.  D.  Follett,  Congressman  Ralph  Cole  and 
Mrs.  Wade  Ellis.  The  presence  here  for  an  hour  of 
Governor  Harris,  and  later  for  another  hour  of  Con- 
gressman and  Mrs.  Longworth  brought  immense  num- 
bers anxious  to  see  and  greet  them.  It  was  a  difficult 
matter  to  handle  the  crowd,  but  by  help  of  a  good 
many  volunteers  it  was  done  successfully.  In  An- 
drews Hall,  which  was  tastefully  trimmed.  Professor 
and  Mrs.  Wolfe  and  the  Academy  Faculty  welcomed 
the  public.  Here  were  also  displayed  portraits  of 
Rufus  Putnam,  Manasseh  Cutler  and  Governor  St. 
Clair,  as  well  as  the  original  contract  made  by  the 
United  States  with  the  Ohio  Company,  and  which  has 

12 


recently  been  handsomely  framed  in  oak  from  the 
old  Congregational  Church.  This,  the  first  deed  ever 
given  by  the  United  States,  is  the  most  precious  doc- 
ument the  College  owns.  In  the  new  dormitory, 
Fayerweather  Hall,  Dean  and  Mrs.  Chamberlin,  with 
other  members  of  the  College  Faculty,  were  in  the 
receiving  line  in  the  main  club  room.  The  whole 
building  was  lighted  and  open,  and  a  very  large  num- 
ber of  people  inspected  the  sumptuous  provision  made 
for  the  students.  Two  floors  are  fully  furnished  and 
ready  for  immediate  occupancy.  Light  refreshments 
were  served  in  this  building.  Altogether  there  never 
have  been  so  many  people  on  the  campus  and  in  the 
buildings  as  on  this  evening,  and  all  seemed  to  have 
a  good  time.  At  times  the  crush  became  severe  about 
the  library  entrance,  but  the  crowd  was  very  orderly, 
good  natured  and  respectful,  and  was  handled  with- 
out difficulty. 


13 


PEOGEAM     OF     WEDNESDAY     AFTEENOON 


Music  by  the  Marietta  Band. 

Invocation,  Eev.  George  E.  Gear,  D.  D. 

Historical   Statement   on  behalf  of  the  Trustees, 
William  W.  Mills. 

Dedication  of  Library,  Pres.  A.  T.  Perry. 

Eesponse  on  behalf  of  the  Faculty,  Dean  J.   H. 
Chamberlin. 

Dedication  of  Fayerweather  Hall,  Pres.  A.  T.  Perry. 

Eesponse  on  behalf  of  the  Students,  George  S.  Hum- 
phrey, '07. 

Music. 

Oration,  President  W.  D.  Mackenzie,  D.  D.,  of  Hart- 
ford, Conn. 

Benediction. 


14 


ADDRESSES  OF  WEDNESDAY 


HISTORICAL  STATEMENT  BY  WILLIAM  W.   MILLS 


The  buildings  which  we  dedicate  today  are  the  first 
visible  expression  of  the  New  Marietta.  Born  with 
the  century,  the  idea  of  the  New  Marietta  has  been 
an  inspiration  to  present  accomplishment,  and  will 
continue  an  incentive  until  hopeful  dreams  are  made 
glorious  realities. 

The  bequest  of  Daniel  B.  Fayerweather  and  the 
beneficence  of  Dr.  D.  K.  Pearsons  enabled  old  Mar- 
ietta to  liquidate  its  obligations,  so  that  for  the  first 
time  in  its  history,  the  Treasurer  reported  to  the 
Trustees  on  June  12,  1900,  that  "the  College  has  no 
debts." 

Thus  was  the  way  prepared  for  the  New  and 
Greater  Marietta,  which  beginning  with  that  day, 
has  held  fast  all  that  was  good,  great  and  noble  in 
the  old,  and  has  pressed  splendidly  forward,  with- 
out the  incubus  of  debt,  to  meet  the  opportunities  and 
obligations  of  the  Twentieth  Century 

Plans  for  enlargement  were  made,  but  it  was  not 
until  Andrew  Carnegie,  on  January  27,  1905,  made 
his  offer  of  |40,000  on  condition  that  an  equal  amount 
be  raised  as  a  "Building  and  Kepair  Fund''  that  the 
way  was  open  for  an  increase  in  the  physical  equip- 
ment of  the  institution.  By  July  1st  of  the  same  year, 
Mr.  Carnegie's  conditions  were  met,  and  $40,023  had 
been  subscribed  by  287  Alumni  and  friends. 

15 


Messrs.  Patton  and  Miller,  of  Chicago,  were  selec- 
ted as  the  architects,  and  a  bird's  eye  view  of  the 
Campus,  showing  the  proposed  new  buildings  and 
changes  in  the  old  ones,  was  prepared.  The  minia- 
ture of  this  view  is  familiar  to  you  all.  In  it  are 
indicated  two  focal  points.  One,  the  Library,  before 
which  we  are  now  assembled,  the  literary  and  scho- 
lastic center  of  the  institution,  on  either  side  of  which, 
and  on  the  same  level,  extend  the  buildings  devoted 
to  the  study  of  language,  science,  philosophy  and  the 
arts.  Immediately  opposite  the  library,  and  facing 
it,  on  the  line  of  Fourth  street,  will  be  erected  at 
no  very  distant  day,  we  hope,  the  Chapel  which  will 
be  the  focal  point  of  the  religious  activities  of  the 
institution,  so  important  in  the  Christian  College  of 
the  type  of  Marietta.  Between  these  two  buildings 
will  be  reared  a  tall  flag  staff  from  the  top  of  which 
will  float  our  country's  flag.  Thus,  true  religion 
and  higher  education  as  taught  on  the  Campus  of  the 
New  Marietta  will  forever  foster  and  encourage  pure 
and  exalted  patriotism. 

At  the  lower  end  of  the  Campus  has  been  erected 
the  new  three  story  and  basement  Dormitory,  137 
by  40  feet,  with  accommodations  for  fifty-four  stu- 
dents, to  which  has  appropriately  been  given  the  name 
of  Fayerweather  Hall.  At  the  other  end  of  the 
Campus  near  to  and  parallel  with  Putnam  street  is 
the  point  where  it  is  hoped  some  friend  of  the  College 
may  some  day  erect  a  fire  proof  Hall  of  History. 
What  more  appropriate  place  in  all  the  land  for  such 
a  building?  Another  building  to  be  erected  between 
Andrews  Hall  and  Butler  street  will  complete  the 
quadrangle.  Still  another  important  structure,  not 
shown  on  the  picture,  is  rapidly  approaching  com- 
pletion, the  Central  Heating  Plant  near  the  corner  of 

16 


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Fifth  and  Butler  streets.  With  this  completed,  the 
College  will  dedicate  three  new  buildings  in  this 
good  year  of  1906.  Plans  also  contemplate  an  entire 
renovation  and  partial  reconstruction  of  Alumni 
Hall,  now  occupied  by  the  Library,  Erwin  Hall  and 
Andrews  Hall.  When  this  is  done,  the  hot  water 
heating  system  now  installed  in  the  new  buildings 
will  be  extended  to  them. 

Before  this  comprehensive  scheme  was  decided  on, 
it  was  necessary  to  determine  what  disposition  to 
make  of  the  Dormitorj^  then  standing  on  the  site  of 
the  new  Library  building.  The  building  was  the  old- 
est on  the  Campus,  having  been  erected  in  1832,  for 
the  Marietta  Collegiate  Institute,  and  Western  Teach- 
ers Seminary.  When  Marietta  College  was  char- 
tered in  1835,  it  was  occupied  as  recitation  hall,  chapel 
and  dormitory,  and  continued  so  to  be  used  until  the 
completion  in  1850  of  the  structure  now  called  Erwin 
Hall.  Around  the  building  clustered  many  sacred 
memories  connected  with  the  old  College,  which  added 
sweetness  to  its  historic  value.  It  was  decided  to 
retain  it  if  possible  and  to  properly  repair  it,  for  it 
had  fallen  into  a  condition  approaching  dilapida- 
tion. Expert  examination  however  by  the  architects 
and  by  capable  builders  revealed  certain  defects  in 
construction  that  would  necessitate  an  expenditure 
equal  to  the  cost  of  a  new  building  to  properly  repair 
and  reconstruct  it.  It  was  also  proposed  to  move  it 
to  a  point  between  Andrews  Hall  and  Butler  street, 
but  this  was  decided  impracticable,  and  before  final 
decision  skilled  house  movers  from  Chicago  and  Pitts- 
burg were  brought  here  to  estimate  the  cost.  Reluc- 
tantly therefore,  and  only  after  every  alternative 
had  been  tried,  it  was  decided  to  raze  the  structure 
to  the  ground.  This  was  done,  and  the  highest  and 
most  central  point  on  the  Campus  was  made  ready  for 

17 


the  new  Library  Building  and  for  the  development  of 
the  beautiful  and  comprehensive  scheme  of  the  archi- 
tects. I  believe  the  wisdom  of  this  decision  has  al- 
ready been  generally  approved. 

October  5,  1905,  is  a  memorable  date  in  the  history 
of  the  College,  for  on  that  day  contracts  were  let 
for  the  construction  of  Fayerweather  Hall  to  Chas. 
W.  Bowling  of  Marietta,  and  of  the  Library  Build- 
ing to  Dickison,  Beardsley  and  Foreman,  also  of 
Marietta,  and  the  ground  was  staked  out  for  the 
first  named  structure.  Work  was  almost  immed- 
iately begun  on  both  buildings,  the  old  Dormitory 
being  first  torn  down  by  the  contractors  for  the  Li- 
brary. Such  of  the  old  material  as  was  suitable  has 
been  used  in  the  construction  of  the  new  building, 
and  as  far  as  possible  local  labor  and  material  has 
been  utilized  in  both.  The  corner  stones  of  both 
buildings  were  laid  with  suitable  ceremonies  Jan- 
uary 23,  1906.  The  dimensions  of  the  main  building 
of  the  Library  are  115  by  51  feet,  with  a  fireproof 
stack  room  46  by  35  feet,  at  the  rear  capable  of  hold- 
ing 175,000  volumes.  In  it  will  be  placed  on  metal 
stacks,  the  more  than  60,000  volumes  now  in  the  Li- 
brary, including  the  priceless  collection  of  Americana 
given  to  the  College  by  Hon.  K.  M.  Stimson.  On  the 
upper  level  of  this  stack  the  Charles  Goddard  Slack 
collection  of  Historical  documents  and  prints  will  find 
a  fitting  home.  The  main  structure,  consisting  of  two 
stories  and  basement,  is  conveniently  divided  into 
reading,  lecture,  seminar  and  librarian's  rooms.  The 
progress  on  the  different  buildings  has  been  retarded 
somewhat  by  unfavorable  weather,  and  the  failure 
of  sub-contractors  to  furnish  material  promptly,  so 
that  neither  of  them  is  today  entirely  finished. 
Grateful  recognition  is  here  made  of  the  fidelity  of 

18 


contractors  and  workmen  all  through  the  building 
period. 

The  cost  of  the  three  new  buildings,  when  com- 
pleted, furnished,  including  architects^  fees,  will  be 
approximately  as  follows: 

Library  $65,000.00. 

Fayerweather  Hall,  |34,000.00. 

Central  Heating  Plant,  including  the  hot  water  sys- 
tem installed  by  W.  H.  Schott,  of  Chicago,  and  radi- 
ation in  the  two  new  buildings,  f  23,000.00. 

Making  a  total  of  |122,000.00,  of  which  $60,753.27 
have  already  been  paid  the  different  contractors. 
$97,837.58  of  the  amount  needed  have  already  been 
secured  and  it  is  believed  the  balance  will  be  in  the 
treasury  before  the  final  payments  are  due.  The 
architects  wisely  selected  the  simple,  classic  lines  of 
the  Colonial  as  the  style  for  all  the  buildings,  ex- 
cepting possibly  the  Chapel  where  they  propose  to 
use  the  Gothic. 

This  Library  and  yonder  Fayerweather  Hall  are 
beautiful  examples  both  without  and  within  of  this 
style  of  architecture,  and  of  its  adaptation  to  the 
requirements  of  the  small  College.  When  this  group 
of  buildings  is  completed  and  the  Campus  beautified 
by  the  art  of  the  landscape  architect,  when  labora- 
tories are  enlarged  and  recitation  rooms  made  more 
attractive,  when  the  present  able  Faculty  is  supple- 
mented by  the  addition  of  several  new  professors, 
Avhen  the  equipment  of  the  institution  is  in  all  re- 
spects adequate  to  the  demands  of  the  times,  then  will 
be  realized  in  part  some  of  the  dreams  of  the  present. 
As  the  New  Marietta  becomes  the  greater  Marietta, 
let  us  hope  that 

"Hither  shall  troop  the  eager  generations, 
With  youth  and  hope  and  wonder  in  their  eyes. 
And  hence  shall  pass  for  healing  of  the  nations, 
^fjen  that  have  learned  the  love  of  truth,  the  hate  of  lies." 

19 


DEDICATION  OF  THE  LIBRARY 

President  Perry  then  dedicated  the  Library  in  the 
following  words: 

This  noble  building  made  possible  by  the  generous 
gift  of  Andrew  Carnegie  stands  a  beautiful  example 
of  architect's  genius  and  builder's  skill,  generous  in 
its  proportions,  ample  in  its  provision  for  the 
future.  This  building  we  do  now  set  apart 
to  be  the  storehouse  of  learning  and  the  work-shop  of 
the  brain,  the  center  of  the  intellectual  life  of  this 
College.  The  literary  treasures  of  all  centuries  will 
here  be  preserved  to  be  a  guide  and  inspiration  to 
countless  generations.  Here  coming  throngs  of  stu- 
dents shall  browse  in  pleasant  pastures  and  dig  for 
ore  in  rich  mines,  and  gain  knowledge,  and  power, 
and  ambition  to  achieve.  May  this  lofty  purpose  be 
fully  realized  in  this  and  many  years  to  come. 


RESPONSE  ON  BEHALF  OF  THE  FACULTY     * 

Responding  to  President  Perry  on  behalf  of  the 
Faculty,  Dean  Joseph  H.  Chamberlin  said : 

President  Perry,  Ladies  and  Gentlemen  —  This  is 
a  day  of  joyous  fruition  for  the  Trustees,  Faculty, 
students,  citizens  and  friends  of  Marietta  College. 
We  see  our  long  cherished  hope  grandly  realized  to- 
day as  we  dedicate  our  two  new  substantial  and 
attractive  buildings.  Nor  are  we  rejoicing  simply 
because  we  have  something  new,  as  a  boy  with  a  new 
top  or  a  man  with  a  new  automobile.  There  are 
abundant  reasons  for  our  great  gratification  at  these 
dedicatory  exercises.  Rarely  in  the  history  of  any 
College,  except  the  very  largest  and  wealthiest,  are 
two  such  buildings  dedicated  on  the  same  day;  or 
buildings  so  vital  to  the  life  of  any  institution  and  so 

20 


necessary  to  the  successful  continuance  of  the  work 
of  Marietta  College. 

If  you  will  but  step  into  the  Library  room  in  Alumni 
Memorial  Hall  yonder,  you  will  realize  in  a  moment 
the  necessity  of  much  ampler  accommodations  both  for 
the  library  itself  and  for  those  using  it.  The  room  is 
so  crowded  that  disorder  seems  triumphant,  and 
mental  as  well  as  physical  action  is  hampered.  We 
are  glad  that  the  Board  of  Trustees  were  able  to 
make  Mr.  Carnegie  see  that  our  necessity  was  his 
opportunity. 

Kemain  in  the  room  but  one  half  hour  observing, 
under  the  direction  of  our  courteous  librarian,  the 
richness  of  its  contents,  the  rare  books,  the  priceless 
original  documents,  the  beautiful  works  of  art,  and 
you  will  surely  be  impressed  with  the  fact  that  the 
loss  would  be  irreparable  should  the  building  be 
destroyed  by  fire.  Here  we  have  a  fire  proof  room 
where  we  can  place  in  safety  the  rich  treasures  which 
are  endangered  in  their  present  location,  and  for  this 
we  feel  that  we  should  be  genuinely  grateful. 

Modern  methods  of  instruction  make  the  library 
more  and  more  the  center  of  the  intellectual  life  of  a 
College.  It  is  the  student^s  work-shop.  There  are 
laboratories  properly  equipped  for  experimental  work 
in  the  sciences.  The  library  is  the  laboratory  of  all 
the  students  especially  for  their  work  in  History, 
Literature,  Social  Science  and  Philosophy.  Such  a 
laboratory  should  be  spacious,  thoroughly  adapted  in 
construction  and  equipment  to  the  needs  of  the  stu- 
dents, and  artistic  in  all  its  appointments.  For 
while  there  is  truth  as  well  as  humor  in  the  remark 
that  if  you  wish  to  train  the  child  aright  you  should 
begin  with  his  grandmother;  which  means,  I  suppose, 
that  heredity  is  a  large  factor  in  the  determination 
of  character,  yet  there  are  some  of  us  who  believe  that 

21 


environment  is  also  a  powerful  influence,  and  so  re- 
joice that  in  the  future  our  students  will  feel  the 
uplift  of  the  most  favorable  and  inspiring  surround- 
ings in  our  new  library  home. 

Yet  once  more  our  joy  is  increased  on  this  occasion 
by  the  belief  that  this  new  edifice  will  strengthen  still 
further  the  bond  between  Marietta  and  Marietta  Col- 
lege For  not  Mr.  Carnegie's  liberal  gift  alone,  but 
the  generous  gifts  of  citizens  of  Marietta,  have  made 
this  splendid  structure  possible.  When  its  shelves  are 
laden  with  our  thousands  of  books,  our  magnificent 
library,  even  more  than  in  the  past,  will  be  at  the 
service  of  all.  It  will  be  more  accessible,  and  the 
purpose  of  the  Trustees  is  to  open  it  for  a  few  hours 
each  evening  that  those  who  are  occupied  with  other 
duties  during  the  day  may  have  the  opportunity  out 
of  business  hours,  to  consult  our  numerous  volumes 
amid  delightful  and  restful  surroundings. 

Have  we  not  then  all  of  us,  but  especially  the  Fac- 
ulty in  whose  behalf  I  speak,  abundant  reason  for 
peculiar  gratification  today?  And  should  w^e  not 
give  enthusiastic  expression  to  our  happiness?  We 
would  be  unworthy  of  our  blessings  and  privileges, 
and  recreant  to  our  trusts  did  we  not  exult  in  the 
enlarged  opportunity  that  comes  to  us  with  buildings 
so  beautiful  without,  so  sumptuous  within.  We  see 
in  them  the  promise  of  a  larger  sphere  of  usefulness 
for  our  College  in  the  future,  and  an  era  of  wider 
and  more  positive  influence.  We  rejoice  therefore 
not  for  ourselves  alone,  but  for  the  many  who  shall 
come  after  us  to  enter  into  the  fruits  of  your  labors, 
Mr.  President,  and  the  labors  of  the  Board  of  Trus- 
tees, to  receive  and  cherish  and  to  hand  on  to  others, 
as  a  rich  heritage,  the  time  honored  traditions,  the 
precious  history,   and  the  high   ideals   of   Marietta 


College. 


22 


DEDICATION  OF  FAYERWEATHER  HALL 

Next  came  the  dedication  of  Fayerweather  Hall,  by 
President  Perry,  who  said: 

"Yonder  building  flanking  our  beautiful  campus, 
is  the  gift  of  many  loyal  friends  of  Marietta,  and 
bears  the  name  of  one  who  never  visited  this  city 
but  who  was  the  largest  giver  to  the  College  in  all  its 
history,  Daniel  B  Fayerweather.  This  building  so 
simple  yet  so  substantial  in  its  structure,  so  complete 
in  its  appointments,  so  perfectly  fitted  to  its  purpose, 
we  do  now  set  apart  to  be  the  home  of  the  students 
of  Marietta  College.  We  give  it  to  the  students  of 
today  fair  and  perfect ;  it  is  yours  to  use,  to  enjoy,  to 
learn  to  love.  As  the  ivy  grows  over  its  walls,  may 
memories  of  pleasant  friendships  and  blessed  exper- 
iences gather  about  it,  until  it  becomes  a  very  sanctu- 
ary for  all  who  shall  have  dwelt  within  its  walls." 


RESPONSE  ON  BEHALF  OF  THE  STUDENTS 

Mr.  George  S.  Humphrey,  '07,  made  the  response 
on  behalf  of  the  students. 

If  there  is  any  one  who  should  be  real  happy  today 
it  is  certainly  the  students  of  Marietta  College.  We 
are  the  ones  who  are  to  derive  the  benefit  of  the  untir- 
ing labor  of  so  many  others.  The  citizens  of  our  town 
are  glad  to  see  the  College  grow  because  of  what  it 
means  to  the  city.  The  friends  of  the  College  are  glad 
to  see  it  prosper  because  they  love  it ;  because  of  what 
it  has  done  for  them,  and  because  of  their  interest  in 
the  students  who  are  now  in  attendance.  If  so  many 
who  are  only  indirectly  concerned  are  thus  interested 
in  the  improvements  which  we  see  now  near  comple- 
tion, what  must  be  the  feeling  of  the  students  them- 
selves, those  who  are  to  enjoy  the  fruits  of  so  much 

23 


labor?  It  would  be  an  unworthy  student  indeed 
whose  heart  does  not  swell  with  pride  as  he  looks  at 
this  magnificent  building,  which  is  to  be  the  home  of 
so  many  men. 

Just  what  will  this  dormitory  mean  to  the  students 
of  this  College?  This  question  can  be  answered  very 
briefly.  It  means  a  home.  Think  of  all  that  is 
implied  in  that  word  and  you  will  have  some  concep- 
tion of  what  this  building  means  to  us.  To  be  sure  it 
will  not  be  like  the  dear  old  home  where  mother  an- 
ticipates our  every  want,  but  it  will  be  the  best  sub- 
stitute for  the  old  home  that  can  be  found. 

In  this  building  will  be  formed  hundreds  of  char- 
acters which  will  go  forth  into  the  many  struggles  and 
temptations  of  this  busy  world.  Characters  are  not 
formed  in  a  class  room,  they  are  not  developed  in  the 
conjugation  of  Latin  verbs.  It  is  in  association  with 
his  fellows  that  a  man's  character  is  developed. 

The  Student  Home  means  better  association  and 
hence  better  development  of  character.  It  means 
more  intimate  friendship^  more  constant  companion- 
ship, better  co-operation,  and  more  perfect  harmony 
on  the  part  of  the  whole  student  body.  It  means  a 
greater  activity  of  that  indefinable  but  nevertheless 
very  powerful  force  known  as  College  Spirit. 

The  Trustees  have  enough  confidence  in  us  students 
to  give  this  building  entirely  into  our  charge.  We 
expect  to  prove  to  them  that  their  confidence  has  been 
well  placed,  and  that  their  labor  in  making  such  a 
home  as  this  possible,  has  not  been  in  vain.  We  have 
a  home  of  which  we  may  well  be  proud.  There  is  not 
a  finer  home  in  the  whole  city  than  ours,  and  we  expect 
to  see  to  it  that  no  one  shall  mar  the  beauty  of  our 
building.  We  expect  to  have  just  lots  of  fun,  but  it 
is  all  to  be  legitimate  fun;  fun  that  will  do  harm  to 

24 


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nobody  and  injury  to  no  property,  but  at  the  same 
time  be  genuine  fun.  Work  and  play  will  both 
receive  their  due  attention. 

And  so  in  accepting  this  building  as  our  own,  we 
wish  to  thank  all  who  have  contributed  in  any  way  to 
its  construction.  Hoping  that  you  will  not  be  disap- 
pointed in  your  expectations,  but  that  every  year 
will  add  to  the  pleasure  w^hich  you  feel  today,  and 
looking  forward  to  a  helpful  association  together,  we 
promise  to  do  our  utmost  to  create  within  the  walls 
of  this  dormitory  a  happy,  harmonious  Student  Home. 


25 


THE  SPIRIT  OF  THE  HIGHER  EDUCATION 


WILLIAM  DOUGLAS  MACKENZIE,   D.   D. 

President  Hartford  Theological  Seminary 


From  ancient  times  it  has  been  felt  that  the  edu- 
cation of  the  young  determines  the  character  of  the 
State ;  or,  as  it  is  sometimes  expressed,  what  you  wish 
any  nation  to  become  you  must  put  into  its  schools. 
In  this  country  it  is  idle  to  insist  on  the  importance 
of  the  problem  of  education.  No  nation  in  all  his- 
tory has  made  broader  or  more  varied  or  more  costly 
efforts  to  deal  with  it.  Today  Europe  is  as  much  in- 
terested in  the  educational  experiments  of  this  coun- 
try as  in  her  commercial  achievements.  They  are 
interesting  because  they  are  being  carried  out  on  so 
large  a  scale,  on  so  many  different  lines,  at  such  vast 
expense.  It  must  be  quite  evident  that  the  American 
people  are  thus  insistent  with  themselves  in  the  mat- 
ter of  education  for  something  more  than  merely  in- 
dustrial development.  The  multiplication  of  techni- 
cal schools  is  a  necessary  and  a  good  thing.  But 
neither  is  it  the  key  to  the  ultimate  problem  nor  the 
best  explanation  of  the  spirit  and  purpose  of  the  lead- 
ers in  education.  These  are  revealed  more  clearly 
in  that  public  school  system  which  in  most  of  the 
States  leads  from  the  Kindergarten  to  the  College  and 
University.  When  you  see  the  children  of  foreigners 
who  can  hardly  speak  the  English  language  swept  by 
hundreds  and  thousands  into  the  school,  when  you 
hear  them  rise  in  their  class  rooms  side  by  side  with 

26 


descendants  of  New  England  Puritans  and  Virginian 
planters,  —  when  you  find  them  kindling  to  the  story 
of  American  freedom  and  the  ideals  of  the  American 
spirit,  you  catch  a  glimpse  of  the  real  power  and 
direction  of  the  educational  work  of  the  country. 

It  is  putting  the  matter  superficially  when  it  is  said, 
as  too  often  it  is,  that  the  fundamental  aim  and  motive 
of  universal  education  is  to  give  every  boy  and  girl 
a  chance  in  the  race  for  wealth.  Deep  down  among 
the  strongest  motives  of  all  true  educators  is  the 
desire  to  set  the  spirit  free,  to  emancipate  from  the 
thraldom  of  ignorance  and  those  tyrannical  super- 
stitions which  ignorance  breeds  with  appalling  pro- 
fusion, the  minds  of  all  the  members  of  a  self-govern- 
ing nation.  To  produce  a  whole  nation  of  free  and 
righteous  citizens  is  infinitely  more  than  to  make  able 
business  men,  or  to  train  keen  inventors;  to  instruct 
them  in  the  secret  of  self  mastery  is  more  divine  even 
than  to  increase  their  mastery  of  the  forces  and  re- 
sources of  nature;  although  in  each  case  you  cannot 
do  the  one  without  the  other.  The  life  is  more  than 
meat  and  the  body  than  raiment.  We  cannot  be 
truly  and  fully  human  if  Ave  live  by  bread  alone. 
The  spiritual  nature  of  man  has  its  own  peculiar  uni- 
verse which  is  not  to  be  stated  in  terms  of  material 
facts  and  the  formulae  of  Mathematics,  whose  values 
are  measured  only  by  the  deep  instincts  of  the  soul. 
Plato  long  ages  ago  said  that  truth  is  the  natural  food 
of  that  nobler  part  of  man.  He  also  laid  it  down  as 
a  fundamental  principle  that  the  highest  aim,  and  the 
noblest  outcome  of  deep  and  wise  and  prolonged  edu- 
cation will  be  that  knowledge  of  the  Absolute  Good  in 
which  alone  our  highest  self  can  really  and  glorious 
live.     And  I  am  persuaded  that  the  vast  majority  of 

27 


teachers  in  this  country  in  all  departments  realize 
that  Plato  was  right.  When  you  would  pursue  truth 
to  her  real  and  eternal  home,  where  can  you  stay  your 
feet  until  you  reach  the  perfect  good?  And  if  you 
seek  through  all  supernal  realms  for  that  in  which 
the  good  forever  dwells,  you  will  open  your  eyes  one 
bright  and  awful  day  to  see  the  face  of  God.  By 
implication  all  education,  even  that  which  trains  the 
eye  and  hand,  is  dealing  with  the  soul,  and  by  in- 
evitable movements  of  the  soul,  that  true  self  within 
us;  all  stages  and  phases  of  real  education  are  found 
to  reflect  those  deepest  beliefs,  those  surest  convic- 
tions, those  dearest  possessions,  which  we  name  by 
the  sacred  name  of  religion. 

It  is  important  to  remind  ourselves  here  and  on 
this  occasion  that  the  education  of  a  country  is  to  be 
tested  not  only  by  the  extent  and  efficient  of  its 
elementary  schools,  but  by  the  standards  and  aims 
of  its  higher  education.  And  this  for  two  reasons. 
First,  it  is  the  highest  schools  which  produce  the 
largest  number  of  those  men  and  women  wHom  we 
regard  as  the  leaders  of  the  country.  The  ideals  of 
the  nation  are  being  shaped,  her  practical  policy  is 
being  directed  most  powerfully,  by  those  who  have  in 
one  way  or  another  won  for  themselves  an  advanced 
education.  And  the  majority  of  these  have  obtained 
it  in  the  colleges,  universities  and  professional 
schools.  Secondly,  it  is  a  higher  and  the  highest 
schools  which  inform  the  spirit  and  sustain  the  effi- 
ciency of  education  even  of  little  children.  The  prin- 
ciple is  being  recognized  more  widely  every  year  that 
it  requires  the  best  trained  minds  to  deal  most  power- 
fully with  the  minds  of  the  youngest,  and  touch  them 
to  the  finest  issues.  Eipe  culture,  large  wisdom,  the 
trained  will,  as  well  as  the  tender  sympathies  which 

28 


wide  study  ought  to  give,  these  are  all  needed,  if  the 
full  meaning  of  education  is  to  be  realized  among  the 
myriad  little  ones,  who  fill  the  schools  today  and  rule 
the  land  tomorrow.  It  is  the  quality  of  the  highest 
institutions  which  determines  that  of  all  below  them. 
The  country  with  the  best  Colleges  will,  in  these 
democratic  days,  do  the  most  even  for  those  multi- 
tudes who  will  never  be  hazed  as  freshman  or  gowned 
as  graduates,  for  those  who  will  sweat  in  foundries 
and  win  our  living  from  the  soil. 

When  we  ask  ourselves  what  it  is  that  these  higher 
schools  are  intended  to  give,  the  answer  will  come  in 
these  words:  Power,  Culture,  Purpose.  It  is  hard 
to  discuss  them  separately  for  each,  when  rightly 
understood,  implies  the  other.  Nevertheless  each  has 
its  distinctive  note. 

And  first  of  Power.  Knowledge  is  Power.  And 
yet  we  are  warned  by  many  and  great  authorities 
that  the  education  which  aims  only  at  knowledge  is 
the  destruction  of  power.  President  Hadley  has 
pointed  this  out  in  his  clear  and  convincing  way. 
^^We  are,"  he  says,  "in  the  presence  of  a  combination 
of  causes  which  produces  a  real  danger  that  our 
teachers  will  lay  too  much  stress  on  knowledge  and 
too  little  on  power."  "The  pupils  with  few  exceptions 
enjoy  being  taught  knowledge  and  do  not  enjoy  being 
taught  power."  And  he  gives  in  illustration.  "Many 
a  boy  has  suffered  actual  injury  by  studying  too  ex- 
tensively into  the  phenomena  of  force  before  he  has 
mastered  the  mathematical  principles  which  regulate 
them."  It  is  not  always  easy  to  draw  the  line  between 
these  two  results  in  all  departments  of  instruction. 
But  it  is  a  distinction  of  real  importance.  The  edu- 
cated man,  the  man  of  power,  has  trained  and  dis- 
ciplined his  mind  by  laying  hold  of  methods  of  inves- 

29 


ligation  rather  than  the  accumulation  of  the  mere 
results.  He  has  grasped  the  principles  that  under- 
lie the  study  of  History  and  Philosophy,  he  has  mas- 
tered the  grammar  and  structure  of  language,  and 
not  merely  read  books  about  Philosophy  or  ended  his 
language  work  when  he  was  just  able  to  look  up  the 
interesting  derivation  of  "horticulture"  and  "tribu- 
lation.'' Much  knowledge  comes  with  these  proces- 
ses; but  the  knowledge  is  less  than  the  discipline,  the 
numbers  of  facts  remembered  are  not  nearly  so  im- 
portant in  his  life-endowment  as  the  power  which  he 
has  gained  over  these  instruments  by  which  facts  are 
discovered,  arranged,  remembered  and  controlled. 

The  danger  referred  to  by  President  Hadley  has 
crept  too  far  into  some  even  of  the  great  universi- 
ties where  competition  among  elective  courses  has  not 
been  always  healthy,  either  for  those  teachers  who 
are  tempted  to  be  popular,  or  for  those  students  who 
are  tempted  to  pursue  the  lines  of  mere  personal  in- 
terest and  passing  fashion. 

The  second  great  aim  of  higher  education  is  best 
expressed  by  that  much  abused  and  most  necessary 
word  "culture.''  A  few  years  ago,  when  some  of  us 
were  in  our  enthusiastic  and  happy  student  days,  this 
term  was  much  discussed;  and  Mathew  Arnold  was 
called  the  Apostle  of  Culture.  Notwithstanding  some 
serious  defects  in  his  use  of  the  term,  and  his  appli- 
cation of  it  to  contemporary  situations,  I  believe  that 
no  better,  no  more  dignified,  and  stimulating  descrip- 
tion of  it  has  been  given  than  his  own.  "Culture  is 
properly  described,"  he  says,  "not  as  having  its  origin 
in  curiosity,  but  as  having  its  origin  in  the  love  of 
perfection;  it  is  a  study  of  perfection.  It  moves  by 
the  force,  not  merely  or  primaril^^  of  the  scientific 
passion  for  pure  knowledge,  but  also  of  the  moral  and 

30 


social  passion  for  doing  good."  Now  I  am  free  to 
admit  that  Arnold's  definition  of  culture  was  evi- 
dently colored  by  the  argument  which  he  had  it  in 
mind  to  pursue  in  his  further  discussion  of  religion, 
and  the  religious  situation  in  England.  And  in  that 
case,  this  may  be  said,  that  culture  as  we  often  under- 
stand it,  is  something  more  than  that  power  of  which 
we  have  already  spoken,  and  something  less  than  that 
purpose  of  which  we  must  speak  later.  A  man  has 
culture  in  so  far  as  he  has  interest  in  and  apprecia- 
tion for  other  lines  of  power  than  those  in  which  he 
is  professionally  concerned.  As  Professor  Paulsen 
has  said,  "Only  such  knowledge  is  valuable  to  the  in- 
dividual as  either  serves  to  give  him  professional 
culture,  or  intensifies  his  general  culture  or  both." 
Now  this  general  culture  it  is  the  interest  of  every 
man  to  acquire,  and  it  is  one  of  the  main  functions 
of  a  College  or  a  university  to  bestow.  A  certain  for- 
eign visitor  whose  own  widely  and  highly  trained  pow- 
ers gave  him  the  right  to  judge  and  to  speak,  on  vis- 
iting a  great  university  was  amazed  to  find  in  it  a 
number  of  professors  who  are  known  as  specialists, 
but  who  had  not  interest  beyond  their  particular  field 
of  investigation.  His  comment  was  that  these  were 
able  and  learned,  but  not  educated,  men.  We  shall 
never  make  a  great  nation  out  of  men  whose  energies 
are  all  narrowed  to  their  own  trade  or  profession. 
We  shall  never  make  a  great  College  or  university  out 
of  a  company  of  mere  specialists.  Culture  is  essen- 
tially a  power  to  sympathize  with  the  minds  of  other 
men,  to  feel  the  value  of  other  labors  than  our  own, 
to  be  able  to  walk  at  sunset  arm  in  arm  with  our 
neighbor  in  his  fields,  when  we  have  done  a  hard  day's 
work  in  our  own.  And  the  power,  the  heart  to  do  this 
can  only  come  to  men  who  in  their  own  self-culture 

31 


or  in  their  College  course  have  been  led  by  trained 
minds  into  various  fields  of  discipline  and  instruction. 

The  great  dangers  of  general  culture  are  twofold. 
One  is  described  with  great  force  by  Paulsen  who 
finds  it  where  a  man's  culture  has  made  him  bitterly 
discontented  with  that  line  of  life  in  which  he  must 
work  for  his  bread  and  butter  all  his  days.  Culture 
has  injured  him,  if  it  only  becomes  the  stimulant  of 
his  vagrant  and  vain  ambitions,  instead  of  comfort- 
ing and  sweetening  his  permanent  lot  and  task.  The 
other  comes  when  culture  renders  a  man  so  sympa- 
thetic towards  all  forms  of  belief,  so  appreciative  of 
the  difficulties  which  haunt  every  conviction,  so  keen- 
ly aware  of  the  partial  blindness  which  seems  neces- 
sary to  every  form  of  real  enthusiasm,  and  of  that 
sense  of  failure  which  is  apt  to  follow  all  passionate 
pursuit  of  ideals,  that  his  own  ardors  are  cooled,  his 
own  desire  for  the  attainment  of  good  is  smothered 
by  the  fogs  of  doubt,  and  turned  into  the  sneers  of 
despair.  Then  you  have  that  monster  of  education 
whom  we  have  learned  to  call  the  cynic.  He  is  to 
be  seen  too  often  today  in  the  academic  world,  he 
is  too  much  in  evidence  among  our  smaller  poets  and 
playwrights,  among  our  delicate  essayists;  and  he  is 
found  even  among  our  instructors  of  youth. 

What  shall  save  us  from  this  strange  anomaly,  this 
unnatural  product  of  our  schools.  Salvation  from 
cynicism  can  only  be  found,  when  in  the  discipline 
of  man's  powers,  along  with  a  gift  of  culture,  we  give 
him  a  great  purpose.  For  the  cynic  is  seldom  to  be 
found  among  men  of  action,  whose  souls  are  on  fire 
with  a  great  zeal.  Education  is  not  complete  and 
even  the  highest  education  has  become  a  disaster  and 
source  of  shame,  unless  it  plants  in  a  man,  unless  it 
nourishes,  and  guides  and  enlightens,  the  will  to  be 
of  use.     Mathew  Arnold  saw  this  with  the  utmost 

32 


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clearness  when  he  said  that  culture  is  not  only  to  be 
found  in  curiosity  and  clearness,  but  in  the  purpose 
"to  make  reason  and  the  will  of  God  prevail."  A  man 
who  has  no  purpose  above  having  enough  to  eat  and 
drink  is  no  more  than  an  animal.  And  the  man  whose 
only  delight  is  to  sun  himself  in  the  light  of  intellec- 
tual glory  —  he  also  has  failed  to  be  man.  Some 
central  passion  must  fill  his  heart,  some  high  and 
noble  endeavor  must  gather  to  itself  all  his  powers, 
and  consecrate  all  his  acquirements.  To  make  each 
man  clear  about  that,  to  help  each  youth  in  the  years 
when  his  nature  is  opening  to  the  joy  and  task  of  a 
human  life,  that  is  the  god-like  labor  of  those  who 
are  engaged  in  the  highest  form  of  education.  It  is 
purpose,  worthy  and  noble  purpose,  which  alone  can 
fill  a  man's  culture  with  warmth,  and  his  power  with 
light.  And  no  man  can  ever  name  or  know  the  su- 
preme purpose  of  his  own  life,  who  has  not  discovered 
the  purpose  of  that  God  who  gave  him  being  and  gives 
him  love. 

I  believe  that  in  the  carrying  out  of  this  threefold 
labor  the  American  College  has  a  peculiar  influence 
and  a  splendid  history  before  it.  Some  authorities 
indeed  have  wondered  whether  the  rise  of  the  great 
State  universities  does  not  menace  the  existence  of 
the  small  Colleges.  It  has  seemed  as  if  between  the 
upper  and  nether  millstones  of  the  public  high  school 
and  the  public  university,  the  independent  College 
must  be  ground  into  powder.  And  several  of  these 
Colleges,  under  pressure  of  this  dread,  have  consented 
to  lay  aside  their  traditional  independence  through 
some  form  of  affiliation  with  the  larger  institutions. 
But  such  is  not  the  view  which  most  of  us  cherish 
today  among  these  surroundings  and  in  this  celebra- 
tion. The  College  which  has  had  its  origin  in  relig- 
ious zeal,  and  to  this  almost  all  those  to  which  I  refer 

33 


must  be  traced,  is  a  unique  and  powerful  product  of 
American  soil.  Its  exact  kind  does  not  exist  in  any 
other  land.  It  was  only  possible  where  a  vast  terri- 
tory was  being  covered  by  a  free  and  self-propelling 
population,  where  men  and  women  arose  who  cher- 
ished lofty  ideals  for  the  youth  and  the  whole  future 
of  the  land  they  loved.  They  laid  the  foundations 
of  their  Colleges  often  with  tears  of  joy  and  deeds  of 
costly  self-sacrifice.  The  institutions  which  were 
thus  created  have  a  permanent  and  immeasurable  sig- 
nificance. It  does  not  require  hostile  criticism  of  our 
State  or  other  great  universities,  to  say,  that  after 
they  have  performed  their  noblest  functions  they  leave 
a  large  and  even  essential  place  for  the  independent 
college.  If  we  still  call  the  College  Christian,  we  do 
not  mean  to  say  that  the  State  university  is  without 
religion.  If  we  suggest  that  a  kind  and  quality  of 
work  can  be  done  here  better  than  there,  it  does  not 
imply  that  there  are  not  other  kinds  of  work  which 
can  be  better  done  there  than  here.  To  claim  all  the 
virtues  for  either  institution  is  to  speak  with  that 
exaggeration  which  is  always  near  to  insincerity. 

It  is  especially  in  relation  to  the  second  and 
third  of  the  great  functions  of  education  that  a  well 
equipped  College  can  contribute  some  elements  of  its 
own  to  the  character,  ideals  and  history  of  the  nation. 
Power,  it  can  and  must  confer  upon  its  students, 
power  to  work  with  disciplined  mind  in  their  life 
calling.  To  fail  there  is  to  resign  the  right  to  live 
at  all.  But  on  that  firm  basis  I  believe  it  can  do  its 
most  distinctive  work  for  the  general  culture  and 
religious  spirit  of  its  students.  Some  seem  to  imag- 
ine that  culture  is  only  to  be  found  where  multitudin- 
ous chairs  and  courses  offer  their  rival  attractions. 
On  the  other  hand,  just  because  its  choices  in  the 
list  of  studies  are  fewer,  the  College  can  insist  on  a 

34 


curriculum,  for  every  student,  which  shall  give  him  a 
good  grounding  in  all  the  fundamental  instruments 
of  culture.  And  just  because  its  students  and  teach- 
ers are  fewer  there  can  be  brought  into  play  a  direct- 
ness, an  intensity,  and  a  discrimination  w^hich  are 
impossible  amid  the  crowded  classrooms  the  more 
formal  relation,  the  more  casual  and  concentrated 
intercourse  of  institutions  which  are  as  large  as  some 
cities,  and  whose  distinctions  —  social,  economic,  in- 
tellectual and  religious  —  are  as  numerous  and  as 
strictly  drawn  almost  as  in  the  outer  world.  The 
teachers  themselves  in  independent  Colleges  are 
brought  inevitably  into  closer  and  more  constant  re- 
lations with  men  of  other  departments  than  their  own, 
and  are  able  to  oversee  the  cultural  as  well  as  the 
specialist  development  of  their  students.  I  am  aware 
that  a  small  institution  can  miss  its  mark  as  com- 
pletely as  a  large,  and  in  some  large  institutions 
through  the  influence  of  powerful  and  inspiring  per- 
sonalities, this  closer  gardening  of  young  lives  can 
be  done  and  is  producing  finest  fruit.  But  I  am 
speaking  of  those  deep  and  natural  tendencies  which 
stir  in  all  human  breasts,  and  which  in  the  long  run 
do  have  their  own  way  with  the  life  and  work  of  every 
institution  which  society  may  create. 

And  now  let  me  say  a  word  or  two  on  the  special 
educational  significance  of  the  two  buildings  which 
today  Marietta  College  has  the  happiness  of  dedicat- 
ing to  this  high  service  of  God  and  country. 

All  knowledge  is  a  social  product.  As  soon  as  we 
rise  above  those  levels  of  animal  life  in  which  what 
we  ignorantly  call  instinct  has  full  play,  we  find  all  liv- 
ing individuals  teaching  each  other.  No  man  learns 
or  achieves  anything  wholly  by  himself.  No  discov- 
ery in  science,  no  new  step  in  philosophy,  is  ever  the 
sole  product  of  a  mind  working  in  isolation.     In  Col- 

35 


lege  life,  this  becomes  very  clear  to  every  thoughtful 
Freshman  as  he  opens  his  eyes  in  his  new  world. 
"Much  is  to  learn,  much  to  forget",  and  he  must  put 
his  own  individual  strength  into  the  double  task. 
But  he  soon  finds  that  he  cannot  do  it  alone.  Besides 
his  living  and  professional  teachers,  he  finds  himself 
in  contact  with  a  hodj  of  students  and  the  litera- 
ture of  many  ages.  The  three  educational  forces  of 
a  College  are  these,  the  classroom,  the  dormitory,  and 
the  library,  when  grasped  and  firmly  used  by  the  will 
of  a  young  and  ardent  soul. 

It  is  perhaps  only  in  after  years  that  he  will  know, 
in  looking  back,  how  much  he  learned  from  his  fellow 
students.  He  thought  of  them  only  as  friends;  some 
of  them  he  will  learn  to  speak  of  as  his  best  instruc- 
tors, his  wisest  guides,  his  purest  sources  of  inspira- 
tion. Unhappy  the  College  man  who,  casting  back 
his  eyes  to  those  dear  years,  recalls  not  some  student 
faces  which  he  believes  to  have  been  among  God's  best 
gifts  to  him !  He  called  them  but  his  friends.  What 
has  Bacon  said  in  his  own  great  way  about  Friend- 
ship?    Let  us  listen  to  those  high  tones: 

"The  second  fruit  of  friendship  is  healthful  and 
sovereign  for  the  understanding,  as  the  first  is  for  the 
affections.  For  friendship  maketh  indeed  a  fair  day 
in  the  affections,  from  storm  and  tempests;  but  it 
maketh  daylight  in  the  understanding,  out  of  dark- 
ness and  confusions  of  thought;  nor  is  this  to  be  un- 
derstood only  of  faithful  counsel,  which  a  man  receiv- 
eth  from  his  friend ;  but  before  you  come  to  that,  cer- 
tain it  is,  that  whosoever  has  his  mind  fraught  with 
many  thoughts,  his  wits  and  understanding  do  clarify 
and  break  up  in  the  communicating  and  discoursing 
with  another;  he  tosseth  his  thoughts  more  easily;  he 
marshalleth  them  more  orderly;  he  seeth  how  they 
look  when  they  are  turned  into  words ;  finally  he  wax- 

36 


eth  wiser  than  himself;  and  that  more  by  an  hour's 
discourse,  than  a  day's  meditation."  What  more 
beautiful  thing  can  be  done  for  a  College  and  for 
many  generations  of  young  men,  than  to  provide  for 
them  this  home  where  these  splendid  influences  can  be 
mutually  exercised  and  experienced.  Happy  the 
builders  of  Fayerweather  Hall,  and  happy  the  men 
who  there  shall  find  as  Bacon  puts  it  in  another  place, 
that  "Example  teacheth,  company  comforteth,  emu- 
lation quickeneth,  glory  raiseth." 

And  the  library  of  a  College  has  a  power  even  great- 
er and  more  vital  than  a  dormitory.  For  there  the 
student  inherits  the  labors  of  the  greatest  minds  in 
the  whole  history  of  man.  In  the  hush  of  that  room 
I  always  feel  as  though  I  were  in  a  holy  place,  as  if 
I  were  encompassed  by  a  great  cloud  of  witnesses, 
august  and  kingly.  To  feel  as  you  enter  that  they 
are  waiting,  silent  and  not  intrusive,  waiting  for  the 
man  who  is  ready  to  speak  with  them !  To  know  that 
the  very  w  ords  of  Plato  ought  to  be  addressed  to  you, 
that  the  mind  of  Shakespeare,  of  whom  it  is  said: 
"Others  abide  our  question,  thou  art  free,"  is  ready  to 
utter  its  confidences  on  the  whole  field  of  human  ex- 
perience in  your  ear !  To  grasp  the  fact  that  you  may 
train  your  mind  to  follow  the  steps  of  Immanuel  Kant 
as  he  wanders  through  a  tangled  maze  of  reasoning 
and  leaves  you  at  last  on  the  heights  in  a  new  world, 
unable  ever  to  think  as  a  child  again !  To  find  here, 
offered  to  your  scrutiny  the  discoveries  of  Newton  and 
Darwin.  To  come  here  when  you  are  weary  and  open 
a  book  that  will  sing  in  your  heart  the  music  of  Shelly 
and  Tennyson,  sing  it  until  through  your  pulses  the 
river  of  peace  is  flowing  again!  What  is  there  of 
discipline,  or  wisdom,  or  delight,  which  a  library  may 
not  give  to  the  man  who  will  use  it,  use  it  as  a 
priceless   boon.     Out   of  that   communion   with  the 

37 


great  souls  of  the  human  race,  what  great  souls  should 
be  formed. 

Happy  again  are  they  who  have  had  any  share  in 
putting  this  noble  building  into  the  very  heart  of 
Marietta  College.  Happy  the  student  who  here  shall 
be  daily  tempted  and  persuaded  to  become  great 
readers.  There  is  nothing  more  absurd,  nothing  more 
dreary,  than  to  see  a  student  who  knows  nothing  but 
his  text-book  and  reads  nothing  he  is  not  told  to  read. 
But  of  the  man  who  will  hear  the  call  of  the  centuries' 
great  voices  upon  these  shelves,  who  will  set  himself 
to  read  all  he  can  of  all  kinds  of  things,  to  measure 
his  mind  against  the  master  minds  that  rule  the  ages, 
and  open  his  heart  to  all  the  regal  hearts  that  have 
loved  the  great  truths  and  done  the  great  deeds,  of 
that  man  it  may  be  said  that  he  shall  walk  all  his  days 
among  kings.  May  the  God  of  all  Truth  dwell  in  these 
halls  and  send  forth  one  generation  after  another  of 
those  who  here  have  gained  control  of  their  native 
powers,  have  Avon  the  culture  of  communion  with 
noble  minds  in  the  past  and  present,  who  have  received 
here  into  their  eager  hearts  the  purpose  that  shall 
make  their  lives  sublime. 


38 


STORY  OF  THURSDAY 


The  beautiful  weather  on  Wednesday  and  the  large 
success  of  the  reception  Wednesday  evening  which 
was  attended  by  many  distinguished  visitors  whose 
arrival  had  not  been  previously  announced,  promised 
a  very  large  audience  for  the  important  ceremony  of 
Thursday.  Even  unpropitious  weather  failed  to  mar 
to  an  appreciable  extent  the  exercises,  for,  sometime 
previous  to  the  forming  of  the  procession  at  the  Ohio 
Land  Company's  Office  on  Washington  street  the 
Campus  had  begun  to  fill.  Company  B  of  the  Sev- 
enth Regiment,  O.  N.  G.,  headed  by  the  Marietta 
Band,  formed  the  escort  to  the  Vice  President  and 
Governor.  Then  followed  the  distinguished  guests 
and  officials  in  carriages,  followed  by  the  Jewell 
Drum  Corps  and  a  large  number  of  G.  A.  R.  Veterans. 
The  line  of  march  was  down  Washington  to  Front, 
to  Putnam,  to  the  Campus,  where  the  platform  had 
been  erected.  The  tablet  was  placed  upon  a  huge 
block  of  Indiana  limestone  weighing  sixteen  and  one- 
half  tons  and  directly  in  front  of  the  entrance  to  the 
new  Library.  It  is  designed  to  make  a  suitable  ap- 
proach with  steps  leading  up  each  side  of  the  mon- 
ument to  the  level  of  the  walk  in  front  of  the  Library. 
The  monument  will  thus  fall  perfectly  into  the  gen- 
eral scheme  of  beautifying  the  grounds. 

The  inspiring  exercises  were  conducted  amid  alter- 
nate bursts  of  sunshine  and  gusty  showers,  and  were 
more  than  perfect  in  arrangement  and  in  conduct. 

39 


At  the  conclusion  the  suppressed  enthusiasm  of  the 
student-body  found  vent  in  the  annual  football  game 
between  Marietta  and  the  champions  from  the  neigh- 
boring Mountain  State,  Mrs.  Longworth  enthusiasti- 
cally waving  Marietta  on  to  her  first  victory  over 
West  Virginia  University  since  1899. 

In  the  evening  a  banquet  under  the  auspices  of 
the  Marietta  Board  of  Trade  was  spread  in  Goshorn 
Gymnasium  at  which  some  three  hundred  business 
men  of  Marietta  and  invited  guests  were  seated.  The 
event  proved  unexpectedly  enjoyable,  surpassing  any 
banquet  served  in  Marietta  in  years  in  point  of  in- 
formal enthusiasm  and  good  fellowship.  The  toasts 
responded  to  by  the  Vice-President,  Colonel  Putnam, 
and  A.  D.  Follett  were  of  solid  worth  beyond  the 
usual  mark,  while  Nicholas  Longworth  and  his  Con- 
gressional comrade  E.  D.  Cole  supplied  the  fund  of 
humor  and  by-play  necessary  to  perfect  an  immensely 
enjoyable  evening. 


40 


PROGRAM  OF  THURSDAY  AFTERNOON 


Music  by  Marietta  Band 

Introduction  by  Presiding  Officer 

Hon.  Charles  S.  Dana,  Marietta 

Invocation Rev.  John  R.  Nichols,  D.  D. 

Pastor  First  Congregational  Church  —  The  Church 
of  the  Pioneers 

Presentation  of  Tablet  on  behalf  of  the  Ohio 

Company  of  Associates  of  New  York 

Homer  Lee,  Esq.,  New  York  City,  Vice  Pres. 

unveilijStg  of  the  tablet 
By  Mrs.  Alice  Roosevelt  Longworth 

Music  —  "The  Star  Spangled  Banner" 

Acceptance  of  the  Tablet  on  behalf  of  the  City  of 

Marietta,  and  of  Marietta  College 

Mayor  C.  F.  Leeper  and  Pres.  A.  T.  Perry,  D.  D. 

Greeting  from  the  State  of  Ohio 

His  Excellency,  Governor  Andrew  L.  Harris 

Greeting  from  the  United  States 

His  Excellency,  Vice  Prest.  Charles  W.  Fairbanks 

Historical  Oration  

Prof.  Albert  Bushnell  Hart,  LL.  D. 

Of  Harvard  University 

Hymn  —  "America" 

41 


PRESENTATION  OF  THE  TABLET 


By  Homer  Lee,  Esq.,  Vice-President  of  the  Ohio 
Company  of  Associates  of  New  York. 


It  is  nearly  a  century  and  a  quarter  since  those  rev- 
olutionary officers  under  the  lead  of  Gen.  Rufus  Put- 
nam, met  at  the  Bunch  of  Grapes  Tavern  in  Boston 
on  April  25th,  1786,  and  organized  the  Ohio  Company 
of  Associates.  The  direct  fruit  of  that  meeting  has 
been  of  incalculable  value  to  this  nation.  The  Great 
Ordinance  of  1787  for  the  government  of  the  North- 
west Territory  would  not  have  been  passed  in  its  final 
form  had  it  not  been  for  their  persistence.  The  set- 
tlement of  Marietta  laid  the  foundation  for  the  Com- 
monwealth of  Ohio.  The  influence  of  these  pioneers 
shaped  the  development  of  this  western  region.  Their 
names  and  their  deeds  are  w^orthy  of  everlasting  re- 
membrance. 

A  small  group  of  sons  of  Ohio,  desiring  to  perpetu- 
ate the  memory  of  their  achievements,  formed  a  new 
association  under  the  old  name,  and  finally  became  in- 
corporated, November  29th,  1902,  under  the  laws  of 
the  State  of  New  York,  as  the  Ohio  Company  of  Asso- 
ciates. This  company  has  undertaken  to  erect  a 
chain  of  memorial  tablets  commemorating  the  stir- 
ring events  of  historic  interest  from  the  period  when 
Ohio  was  a  "vacant  territory"  to  the  time  when  she  be- 
came a  "new  state  northwest  of  the  Ohio,"  in  order 
that  the  lesson  of  the  lives  of  these  founders  may  be- 

42 


come  deeply  impressed  upon  the  minds  of  the  youth 
of  the  present  and  coming  generations.  These  tablets 
of  imperishable  bronze  will  be  placed  upon  sites  where 
perpetual  preservation  and  care  will  be  assured. 

It  was  planned  to  place  the  first  tablet  upon  the 
walls  of  the  sub-Treasury  in  New  York  City,  which 
stands  upon  the  site  of  the  old  Federal  Hall.  It  was 
while  meeting  in  this  building  that  the  Continental 
Congress  passed  the  Great  Ordinance  of  1787,  con- 
cerning the  Northwest  Territory,  and  that  other  ordi- 
nance so  closely  connected  with  it,  authorizing  the 
sale  of  lands  to  the  Ohio  Company.  Through  the 
co-operation  of  the  lamented  William  McKinley  be- 
fore he  became  president,  the  proper  authority  was 
ultimately  obtained  to  place  the  first  Ohio  Company 
memorial  alongside  the  Washington  statue  without 
an  act  of  Congress.  This  tablet  Avas  installed  on 
November  29th,  1905,  under  the  most  flattering  aus- 
pices. A  guard  of  honor  from  the  Army  and  Navy, 
commanded  in  person  by  Major  General  Frederick  D. 
Grant,  as  well  as  details  of  Minute  Men  were  in  at- 
tendance. The  oration  of  the  occasion  was  delivered 
by  Hon.  Stewart  L.  Woodford  to  a  great  throng  filling 
Wall  street.  The  tablet  was  accepted  on  behalf  of 
the  United  States  by  Hon.  Hamilton  Fish,  Assistant 
Treasurer,  and  addresses  were  made  by  Lieutenant 
Governor  Bruce,  the  acting  Mayor  of  New  York  City 
and  others. 

The  site  for  the  second  tablet  was  fixed  here  at 
Marietta,  the  first  settlement  in  Ohio,  the  home  and 
final  resting  place  of  Rufus  Putnam,  the  great  leader, 
and  his  comrades,  whose  bodies  lie  clustered  about 
yonder  ancient  conical  mound.  The  most  appropri- 
ate spot  in  this  city  seemed  to  be  the  campus  of  Mari- 
etta College,  which  has  become  the  custodian  of  so 
many  of  the  ancient  documents  of  the  Ohio  Company, 

43 


including  the  original  records  and  the  correspondence 
of  General  Putnam.  We  found  these  documents 
carefully  filed  away  and  guarded  as  precious  treas- 
ures, but  in  a  building  not  fire-proof.  It  is  largely 
due  to  a  watchful  Providence  that  they  have  been 
preserved  to  find  a  secure  home  in  this  magnificent 
new  library  building. 

It  is  the  purpose  of  the  new  Ohio  Company  to  erect 
other  tablets  in  Boston,  Hartford  and,  if  possible,  in 
the  Capitols  of  Indiana,  Illinois,  Michigan,  Wisconsin 
and  Minnesota,  states  in  whole  or  in  part  belonging 
to  the  old  Northwest  Territory. 

And  now  we  have  gathered  here  to  unveil  the  second 
tablet  in  this  chain,  and  we  all  hope  this  memorial 
and  the  institution  which  stands  sponsor  for  it,  will 
be  as  lasting  as  the  pre-historic  mounds  that  are  so 
conspicuous  a  feature  of  this  beautiful  city. 

Ladies  and  gentlemen,  it  is  my  pleasure,  on  behalf 
of  the  Ohio  Company  of  Associates  of  New  York,  to 
present  to  the  city  of  Marietta  and  to  Marietta  Col- 
lege, which  will  be  its  custodian,  this  memorial  to  the 
brave  and  true  men  who  laid  the  foundations  of  this 
Western  Empire.  May  it  serve  its  intended  purpose 
and  quicken  the  patriotism  and  devotion  to  high 
ideals  of  the  coming  generations  of  young  people  in 
this  Commonwealth. 


ACCEPTANCE  OF  THE  TABLET  ON  BEHALF  OF  THE 
CITY  OF  MARIETTA 


By  His  Honor  Mayor  Charles  F.  Leeper 


Mr.  President,  Ladies  and  Gentlemen : 
It  gives  me  much  pleasure  on  behalf  of  the  City  of 
Marietta,  to  accept  this  memorial  from  the  hands  of 
the  Ohio  Company  of  Associates,  of  the  City  of  New 

44 


York,  and  I  assure  its  donors  that  it  will  ever  be 
treasured  and  protected  as  one  of  the  most  precious 
remembrances  our  city  has  ever  received. 

In  all  the  annals  of  the  past  no  more  fortunate  his- 
tory is  to  be  found  than  that  which  began  at  Marietta 
on  April  7th,  1788.  The  ordinance  under  which  this 
settlement  was  made  devoted  this  territory  forever  to 
equality,  to  education,  to  religion,  and  to  liberty. 
This  remembrance,  therefore,  should  stimulate  the 
citizens  of  our  city  and  state,  to  follow  the  noble  ex- 
ample of  our  ancestors  and  with  the  greatest  rever- 
ence and  veneration  for  the  work  of  their  hands,  trans- 
mit the  inheritances  we  have  received  to  our  posterity. 
So  that  in  years  to  come  the  great  principles  of  free- 
dom, as  established  by  the  pioneers  in  the  Northwest 
Territory,  may  serve  as  a  beacon  light  to  the  civil- 
ized world.  And  this  tablet  will  ever  stand  as  a 
beautiful  and  silent  tribute  to  the  memory  of  that 
little  band  of  pioneers  who  landed  here  from  the  sec- 
ond Mayflower,  and  by  their  industry,  integrity,  and 
perseverance  have  made  the  second  Mayflower  a  flower 
of  perpetual  bloom.  It  has  withstood  climatic  chan- 
ges and  grows  more  beautiful  with  age,  and  it  will 
continue  to  spread  its  petals  to  the  world,  and  to 
exhale  an  everlasting  fragrance  through  the  ages  of 
recorded  time. 

Again,  on  behalf  of  our  city,  I  thank  you  most 
heartily  for  this  remembrance. 


ACCEPTANCE  OF  THE  TABLET  ON  BEHALF  OF 
MARIETTA  COLLEGE 


By  President  Alfred  Tyler  Perry,  D.  D. 


This    College    was    founded    by    the   sons    of   the 
Pioneers.     It  was  born  of  the  same  love  for  education 

45 


as  inspired  those  settlers  in  the  wilderness  to  open 
here  the  first  classical  school  in  the  Northwest  Terri- 
tory. That  school,  the  Muskingum  Academy,  organ- 
ized in  1797,  trained  the  young  people  of  this  and 
neighboring  communities  for  a  generation.  Marietta 
College  has  therefore  deep  roots  in  the  past,  and  is 
bound  by  inheritance  as  well  as  in  spirit  to  the  great 
men  and  great  movements  which  we  today  commem- 
orate. Marietta  College  is  proud  of  this  connection 
and  is  devoted  to  the  history  of  the  early  time.  It  has 
been  made  the  custodian  of  the  early  records  of  the 
Ohio  Company  and  the  extensive  correspondence  and 
other  papers  of  Gen.  Rufus  Putnam,  as  well  as  the 
Hildreth  Collection  of  early  documents  and  many 
journals  and  letters  of  early  settlers.  A  few  years 
ago  Hon.  Eodney  M.  Stimson  gave  to  it  his  unsur- 
passed collection  of  books  on  the  Northwest  Terri- 
tory numbering  nearly  20,000  volumes.  More  recent- 
ly Mr.  Charles  G.  Slack  has  donated  his  wholly  unique 
collection  of  historical  documents  and  prints.  Some 
precious  relics  also  of  the  early  days  have  come  to 
it,  and  its  friends  long  for  the  time  when  there  may 
be  gathered  in  a  fire-proof  building  to  be  erected  for 
the  purpose  on  the  campus,  the  memorials  of  the  past 
which  abound  in  this  region. 

May  I  say,  also  that  you,  sir,  have  done  well  in 
placing  this  memorial  in  the  custody  of  this  institu- 
tion, not  merely  because  it  has  manifested  its  inter- 
est in  these  things,  but  also  because  a  College  like 
this  has  an  enduring  life.  Men  come  and  go;  the 
institution  lives.  Those  who  one  day  are  leaders,  are 
in  a  few  years  forgotten;  but  the  College  survives 
to  hold  up  high  ideals  and  to  teach  the  lessons  of  the 
past  to  each  succeeding  generation. 

And  now,  sir.  Marietta  College,  and  its  Trustees 

46 


and  Faculty  and  students  accept  this  trust  you  have 
laid  upon  us  and  we  pledge  the  Ohio  Company  of 
Associates  of  New  York  for  ourselves  and  our  suc- 
cessors, that  we  will  guard  and  cherish  this  beautiful 
tablet,  and  will  preserve  for  all  time  the  memory  of 
those  deeds  it  commemorates.  As  this  imperishable 
bronze  is  riveted  to  this  stone  in  a  union  than  cannot 
be  broken,  so  shall  these  noble  deeds  and  nobler  spirit 
of  the  fathers  be  bound  to  our  hearts  to  be  an  inspira- 
tion forever.  And  may  the  God  of  our  Fathers  bless 
our  undertaking. 


47 


ADDEESS  OF  ANDREW  L.  HARRIS, 
GOVERNOR  OF  OHIO 


We  are  reminded  by  this  occasion  that  we  are  living 
in  a  commemorative  period  of  our  history.  Ours  is  an 
era  of  anniversaries.  We  scatter  flowers  above  the 
graves  where  sleep  our  patriotic  dead.  We  rear 
monuments  where  right  triumphed  in  the  shock  of 
battle.  We  inscribe  on  tablets  of  bronze  and  granite 
the  enduring  triumphs  of  peace. 

Our  country  is  fortunate  in  a  past  with  messages 
of  inspiration  for  us  and  the  generations  to  come. 
Such  is  the  event  that  we  are  met  this  day  to  celebrate. 

I  shall  not  venture  upon  the  ground  assigned  to  the 
distinguished  scholar  who  is  to  follow  me;  but  we 
cannot  comtemplate  the  Ordinance  of  1787  without 
feelings  of  pride  and  gratulation  at  its  far-reaching 
and  beneficent  results.  When  it  was  adopted  by  the 
old  Continental  Congress,  only  one  State  of  the  Union 
had  prohibited  slavery,  and  that  one  through  a  decision 
of  its  suprme  court.  True,  Vermont,  which  had  not 
then  formally  joined  the  Confederation,  had  declared 
in  her  constitution,  adopted  in  1777,  that  no  person 
"ought"  to  be  bound  as  a  slave.  With  this  exception, 
if  exception  it  may  be  called,  the  territory  northwest 
of  the  River  Ohio,  by  virtue  of  the  Ordinance  of  1787, 
was  the  first  within  the  present  limits  of  the  United 
States  specifically  dedicated  to  universal  liberty. 

Under  the  authority  of  both  England  and  France, 
slavery  had  previously  existed  in  the  Territory.     The 

48 


DO 


r 


w1 


great  Ordinance  was  therefore,  in  the  region  embraced, 
the  initial  emancipation  proclamation  of  America. 

The  authorship  of  the  clause  prohibiting  slavery 
has  been  the  theme  of  learned  controversy,  and  the 
motives  that  led  to  its  unanimous  adoption  by  Con- 
gress have  been  the  subject  of  much  speculation.  Local 
self-interest  and  the  desire  for  present  advantage 
doubtless  mingled,  as  they  not  infrequntly  do,  with 
humanitarian  sentiment,  love  of  freedom,  and  the 
prophetic  vision  of  the  miracle  of  progress  to  be 
enacted  on  this  continent. 

Certain  it  is,  that  this  provision  was  not  generally 
satisfactory  to  the  pioneers  who  had  already  settled  in 
the  Territory.  Some  of  them  owned  slaves;  others 
aspired  to  the  possession  of  this  species  of  property. 
From  the  portions  of  the  Territory  now  embraced  in 
the  states  of  Indiana  and  Illinois,  numerous  petitions 
were  sent  to  Congress  asking  for  the  suspension  or 
repeal  of  this  section.  Wm.  H.  Harrison,  soldier, 
patriot  and  President  of  the  United  States,  supposed 
in  his  later  years  to  favor  gradual  emancipation,  when 
governor  of  the  Indiana  Territory,  presided  over  a 
pro-slavery  convention  and  forw^arded  to  Congress 
resolutions  favoring  the  re-establishment  of  slavery 
in  that  territory.  None  of  these  memorials  were 
favorably  considered.  In  an  adverse  report  on  one  of 
them,  John  Randolph,  of  Roanoke,  declared,  "The 
rapid  population  of  the  State  of  Ohio  sufficiently 
evinces  that  the  labor  of  slaves  is  not  necessary  to 
promote  the  growth  and  settlement  of  that  region. 
*  *  *  In  the  salutary  operation  of  this  sagacious 
and  benevolent  restraint,  it  is  believed  that  the  in- 
habitants of  Indiana  will,  at  no  distant  day,  find 
ample  remuneration  for  a  temporary  privation  of 
labor  and  emigration." 

49 


What  a  verification  of  that  prophecy  is  found  in  the 
subsequent  history  of  the  States  of  Indiana  and 
Illinois.  Today  in  wealth  and  population  they  far 
surpass  the  original  states  at  the  close  of  the  Revolu- 
tion, and  their  sturdy  sons  rejoice  with  us  that  they 
were  born  free. 

In  the  experiment  of  a  century  ago,  there  is  a  lesson 
for  the  present.  This  beacon  light  of  liberty  that  the 
founders  raised  in  the  wilderness  called  over  the 
mountains  and  across  the  river  a  people  alien  neither 
in  race  nor  in  spirit  to  our  institutions.  Some  of  the 
vanguard  of  this  western  migration  had  shown  their 
devotion  to  the  infant  republic  on  the  fields  of  the 
Revolution.  When  the  chivalrous  Lafayette  visited 
this  spot  in  1825,  truly  did  he  say  of  those  veteran 
pioneers : 

"I  knew  them  all.  I  saw  them  at  the  Brandywine, 
at  Yorktown,  and  Rhode  Island.  They  were  the 
bravest  of  the  brave.'' 

And  in  contemplation  of  the  results  that  have  flowed 
from  the  event  that  we  celebrate  today,  as  truly  did  he 
say  in  response  to  an  address  of  welcome  by  the  Gov- 
ernor of  our  State : 

"The  highest  reward  that  can  be  bestowed  on  a 
revolutionary  veteran  is  to  welcome  him  to  a  sight  of 
the  blessings  which  have  issued  from  our  struggle  for 
independence,  freedom  and  equal  rights.  Where  can 
those  enjoyments  be  more  complete  than  in  the  State 
of  Ohio  where  even  among  the  prodigies  of  American 
progress,  we  are  so  particularly  to  admire  the  rapid 
and  wonderful  results  of  free  institutions,  free  spirit, 
and  free  industry.'' 

The  pioneers  came  not  as  taskmasters.  They 
scorned  to  eat  their  bread  in  the  sweat  of  servile  brows. 

50 


On  wild  Monongahela's  stream 

They  launched  the  Mayflower  of  the  West, 
A  perfect  State  their  civic  dream, 

A  new  New  World  their  pilgrim  quest. 

They  came  to  dignify  labor  by  rearing  homes  with 
their  own  hands  in  this  favored  land.  The  forests 
made  room  for  the  garden,  the  orchard  and  the  grain 
field;  the  solitude  was  vibrant  with  the  sound  of  in- 
dustry and  vocal  with  the  songs  of  hope  and  love. 
These  builders  of  the  State  loved  the  fields  cleared  by 
their  hands.  In  the  triumph  of  free  labor  they  and 
their  sons  rejoiced  and  fiourished.  They  developed  a 
patriotism  unique  in  its  intensity.  In  every  fibre 
they  were  Americans. 

Just  now,  as  one  hundred  years  ago,  there  is  talk  of 
a  scarcity  of  labor.  Great  enterprises,  we  are  told, 
await  the  advent  of  day  laborers  by  the  hundred  thou- 
sand, to  push  them  to  completion.  In  the  light  of  the 
event  that  we  celebrate  and  its  results,  we  may  well 
ponder  the  character  of  the  labor  with  which  we  are 
to  recruit  our  industrial  army.  It  must  not  bear  the 
brand  of  servility.  It  must  be  free.  And  no  matter 
from  what  quarter  of  the  world  it  may  come,  in  ideals 
and  aspiration  it  must  be  thoroughly  American.  A 
few  days  ago,  one  of  our  great  captains  of  industry 
declared  that  in  fifty  years  our  population  will  reach 
200,000,000.  Where  are  they  to  come  from.  There 
are  countries  from  which  our  immigration  cannot  be 
too  large.  It  is  well  to  be  choosers  while  we  may. 
Great  enterprises  may  wait ;  but  if  they  are  to  be  con- 
sumated  only  by  lowering  the  standard  of  American 
labor  and  American  living,  they  may  well  wait  forever. 

When  the  Ordinance  of  1787  went  into  effect,  there 
were  no  state  lines  on  this  side  of  the  river.  Even 
now  we  are  disposed  to  forget  them.  We  are  justly 
proud  of  all  the  states  that  were  the  offspring  of  that 

51 


compact.  You  will  pardon  me,  I  know,  for  a  special 
pride  in  Ohio,  the  eldest  of  the  five.  Comparisons 
need  not  be  odious,  and  I  shall  certainly  not  offend  by 
quoting  from  a  well-known  and  reputable  historian  of 
the  sister  State  of  Indiana,  He  tells  us  that  in  the 
early  period  of  the  settlement  of  the  Northwest  Ter- 
ritory, those  who  favored  the  anti-slavery  clause  of  the 
Ordinance  for  the  most  part  remained  in  that  portion 
which  afterward  became  Ohio,  while  those  who  were 
opposed  to  it  went  farther  west.  He  also  declares  that 
if  this  provision  had  not  been  upheld,  "certainly 
Illinois  and  probably  Indiana  would  have  become 
slave  states".  Surely  it  must  be  gratifying  to  the 
citizens  of  Ohio  to  know  that  the  pioneer  fathers  never 
faltered  in  allegiance  to  the  original  compact.  From 
the  day  that  the  "Mayflower  of  the  West",  bearing  the 
first  settlers,  touched  the  shore  yonder,  down  to  this 
hour  Ohio  has  stood  for  universal  liberty  and  her  heart 
has  throbbed  in  unison  with  the  Ordinance.  One  hun- 
dred and  nineteen  years  have  passed  away  and  the 
principles  dear  to  her  youth  have  found  their  way  into 
our  national  constitution  and  have  become  the  corner- 
stone of  the  Republic. 

But  liberty  is  not  our  only  heritage.  From  the 
beginning  this  goodly  land  was  devoted  to  religious 
freedom  and  popular  education.  Churches  and 
schools  and  colleges  have  risen  on  every  hand,  sur- 
passing the  most  sanguine  anticipations  of  the  fathers. 
In  the  teeming  present  the  spirit  of  the  founders  will 
live. 

As  glides  Oye's  solemn  flood 

So  fleeted  their  eventful  years; 
Resurgent  in  their  children's  blood, 

They  live  on  —  the  Pioneers. 

Their  fame  shrinks  not  to  names  and  dates. 

On  votive  stone,  the  prey  of  time : 
Behold  where  monumental  states 

Immortalize  their  lives  sublime! 

52 


It  is  indeed  fitting  that  we  should  celebrate  the 
triumphs  of  our  progress  on  this  ground  dedicated  to 
morality  and  learning.  Inspired  by  the  achievements 
of  the  past,  grateful  for  our  heritage  and  proud  of  our 
contribution  to  liberty  and  union,  —  the  great  Ordin- 
ance that  has  become  warp  and  woof  of  our  national 
fabric,  —  we  may  look  forward  with  an  abiding  hope 
that  the  generations  to  come  will  keep  step  with  the 
music  of  progress  and  raise  their  voices  in  the  pledge 
to  the  Republic,  — 

We  will  write  thy  story, 
We  will  keep  thy  glory 
As  pure  as  of  old  for  a  thousand  years. 


53 


ADDKESS  BY  VICE-PRESIDENT  CHARLES  W. 
FAIRBANKS 


Mr.  Chairman  and  Fellow  Citizens:  I  am  very 
much  gratified,  indeed,  for  the  opportunity  to  partici- 
pate with  you  in  this  interesting,  historical  ceremony. 
It  is  one  of  interest  not  only  to  the  city  of  Marietta, 
but  it  is  of  special  interest  to  the  entire  United  States, 
for  the  event  which  we  thus  commemorate  was  of  as 
far-reaching  benefit  as  the  limits  of  our  Republic. 
There  seems  to  have  been  something  providential  in 
the  progress  of  the  American  people  from  the  earliest 
moment  until  now.  In  every  great  exigency  the  men 
who  laid  the  foundations  of  civil  liberty  and  social 
progress  have  been  men  well  fitted  for  the  task  —  the 
sublimest  in  all  of  our  entire  citizenship.  Those  who 
laid  the  foundations  of  civil  society  and  civil  gov- 
ernment here  an  hundred  and  eighteen  years  ago  were 
men  Avell  qualified  to  build  a  state.  The  time  since 
then  is  but  brief  when  measured  by  the  calendar  but 
when  measured  by  the  events  which  have  come  and 
gone,  it  seems  as  though  centuries  had  intervened. 
The  spirit  of  those  who  came  here  into  the  wilderness 
so  brief  a  period  in  the  past  seems  to  pervade  the  very 
atmosphere.  As  we  passed  through  the  streets  today 
on  our  way  hither,  we  have  seen  the  buildings,  erected 
by  their  hands,  in  Avhich  they  transacted  the  business 
engaging  their  attention  and  in  which  they  made  their 
habitations  and  their  homes.  Ah,  the  influences  they 
set  in  operation  are  as  active  and  as  forceful  in  our 
progress  and  development  now  as  in  the  years  gone 

54 


w*^ 


^ 


c  t 


t^'' 


o^ 


U 


X 


by.  The  distinguished  gentleman  who  presented  this 
tablet  on  behalf  of  The  Ohio  Company  expressed  the 
hope  that  it  would  serve  to  perpetuate  the  memory 
of  the  events  it  is  intended  to  commemorate.  I  imag- 
ine that  in  good  time,  this  evidence  of  your  loyalty 
and  generous  regard  will  fade  away  and  be  forgotten, 
but  the  institutions  which  it  is  sought  to  commemo- 
rate will  be  a  vitalizing  power  in  the  progress  of  the 
world  centuries  and  centuries  after  it  has  gone. 

We  go  back  to  Boston,  we  go  back  to  Philadelphia, 
yes,  we  go  back  to  New  York,  where  the  Ordinance  of 
1787  was  born  —  we  go  back  with  reverential  ad- 
miration and  profound  gratitude,  for  in  those  places 
Republican  government  took  shape  and  our  patriotic 
ancestors  dedicated  the  western  continent  to  human 
liberty  forever  and  forever.  We  go  w^estward  from 
the  Allegheny  Mountains  down  into  the  Ohio  valley 
to  the  historic  city  of  Marietta,  which  is  one  of  the 
cradles  of  American  liberty  upon  the  western  contin- 
ent. It  is  fitting,  indeed,  my  countrymen,  that  this 
evidence  of  our  gratitude  should  find  its  abiding  place 
here  in  the  shadow  of  this  venerable  institution  dedi- 
cated to  learning.  Our  ancestors  who  came  here  to 
establish  civil  government  and  social  order,  to  erect 
the  American  home,  took  thought  of  knowledge,  took 
thought  of  the  school,  for  they  realized  that  American 
liberty  would  survive  and  survive  only  through  the 
enlightenment  of  the  great  body  of  the  people.  They 
had  a  veneration  for  the  Christian  religion  and 
they  were  enamoured  of  knowledge.  They  brought 
with  them  here  a  respect  for  the  common  school,  the 
nursery  of  American  patriotism. 

I  understand  that  this  institution.  Dr.  Perry, 
takes  root  in  the  patriotic  and  lofty  purpose  of  the 
pioneers  of  1788.  It  is  therefore  appropriate,  my 
countrymen,  that  this  evidence  of  our  appreciation 

55 


of  those  who  did  arduous  work  in  the  long  ago  should 
be  committed  to  the  kindly  keeping  of  this  venerable 
and  generous  mother  of  education.  Long  may  she 
live  and  may  the  charge  committed  to  her  care  remain 
as  a  Mecca  unto  which  the  feet  of  the  patriots  of  the 
Republic  shall  come  in  the  centuries  which  stretch 
before  us  with  such  splendid  promise,  and  bathe  their 
souls  in  its  holy  atmosphere. 

The  Northwest  Territory!  What  an  empire  it  is! 
How  little  those  who  came  hither  in  those  elder  days, 
even  in  the  farthest  reach  and  sweep  of  their  imagina- 
tion, could  see  of  the  present  majesty  and  power  of 
the  great  Northwest.  Ohio,  God  bless  her,  Indiana, 
sj)lendid  commonwealth  and  Michigan  and  Illinois 
and  Wisconsin  —  five  majestic  members  of  our  noble 
sisterhood  of  states  dwelling  forever  in  unity  and  in- 
spired by  the  spirit  which  our  fathers  brought  into 
the  Muskingum  Valley  an  hundred  and  eighteen  years 
ago.  They  are,  indeed,  in  the  highest  and  best  sense, 
an  empire.  Over  eighteen  millions  of  people  now  in- 
habit them.  There  are  thousands  today  where  there 
were  but  scores  in  1788.  The  wealth  of  these  states  is 
beyond  the  reach  of  our  imagination;  it  amounts  to 
untold  billions  of  dollars;  illimitable  in  material 
strength  and  commercial  power.  We  value  all  these 
things  but  we  value  above  and  beyond  them  all  the 
spirit  of  liberty,  the  love  of  knowledge  and  the  rever- 
ence for  religion  which  inspires  the  hearts  of  all  who 
now  inhabit  the  old  Northwest  Territory. 

The  entire  country  is  peculiarly  interested  in  the 
event  we  commemorate,  for  it  affected  the  welfare  of 
the  entire  Republic.  We  are  so  interlaced,  so  inter- 
woven in  the  loom  of  the  Divine  Purpose,  that  what 
affects  one  section  of  the  Republic  always  affects  in 
some  manner  every  other  portion  of  it  from  ocean 
to  ocean  and  from  the  Lakes  to  the  Gulf.     Our  eighty- 

56 


five  millions  of  people  are  so  interwoven  in  commer- 
cial, social  and  political  interest  that  we  have  a  spe- 
cial concern  in  the  development  of  every  portion  and 
section  of  our  common  country.  I  use  the  word 
"section."  It  was  once  a  narrow  word,  but  in  the 
great  civil  conflict  it  was  wiped  from  the  vocabulary 
of  America  by  the  richest  blood  of  the  Republic.  We 
use  it  now  in  its  broad  and  comprehensive  sense. 
Whatever  affects  the  welfare  of  a  section  of  our  coun- 
try is  a  matter  of  concern  to  every  other. 

The  Great  Northwest  Territory  is  the  very  heart  of 
the  Republic,  great  today  and  destined  to  a  greatness 
in  the  future  that  we  can  little  comprehend.  It  is 
not  given  us  to  penetrate  the  veil  that  hangs  between 
ourselves  and  the  years  to  come.  But  faith  can  pene- 
trate it,  and  in  faith  we  see  here  in  the  great  North- 
west, not  the  eighteen  millions  of  today,  but  uncount- 
ed millions  more.  Cities,  greater  and  grander  in 
their  magnificence  than  now.  Schools  and  colleges 
multiplied,  and  churches  increased  in  all  of  the  val- 
leys and  upon  all  of  the  hilltops  in  the  territory  of 
the  Northwest.  In  the  great  Mississippi  valley  will 
be  found  a  population  inspired  always  with  the  sub- 
lime spirit  that  actuated  those  who  came  hither  an 
hundred  and  eighteen  years  ago.  They  will  expand 
in  patriotism,  expand  in  love  of  home,  expand  in  love 
of  country;  and  in  the  stress  and  strain  of  it  shall 
come  to  our  institutions  in  the  future  the  children 
of  the  great  Northwest  who  will  prove  worthy  of 
their  ancestors.  They  will  be  a  veritable  bulwark  of 
refuge  to  the  entire  Republic. 


57 


THE  WESTERNIZATION  OF  NEW  ENGLAND 


HISTORICAL  ORATION  BY  PROF.   ALBERT  BUSHNELL 
HART,   LL.  D.,  OF  HARVARD  UNIVERSITY 


"Macbeth  shall  never  vanquish'd  be  until 
"Great  Birnam  wood  to  high  Dunsinane  hill 
"Shall  come  against  him." 

So  spake  the  dread  prophetesses  to  Macbeth;  so 
might  have  spoken  the  seers  of  NeAv  England,  when, 
a  century  ago,  they  saw  the  beginnings  of  rival  com- 
monwealths across  the  mountains.  For  the  New 
England  of  1806  was  still  a  close  and  separate  com- 
munity, proud  of  its  history,  exulting  in  its  vigor, 
abounding  in  wealth  above  its  neighbors,  strong  in 
traditional  public  spirit,  imbued  with  a  sense  of  its 
superiority  to  the  rest  of  the  Union,  and  rejoicing  in 
the  colonies  which  it  has  planted  in  the  wilderness, 
to  be  centers  of  New  England  influence  in  the  West. 
Such  occasions  as  this  today  give  an  opportunity  to 
review  the  influence  of  the  East  upon  the  West;  to 
follow  the  New  Englanders  all  the  way  across  New 
York  and  Pennsylvania,  and  plant  them  on  the  banks 
of  the  Ohio,  or  of  Lake  Erie.  A  few  years  ago,  on  an 
historical  occasion  of  moment  in  Wisconsin,  a  very  em- 
inent New  Englander,  the  descendant  of  two  presi- 
dents, informed  the  audience  before  him  that  he  was 
probably  the  only  person  present  who  was  aware  that 
the  site  of  Madison  had  once  been  claimed  as  a  part 
of  the  Territory  of  Massachusetts.  If  I  were  to  sug- 
gest today  that  the  Ohio  Company,  organized  in  Mas- 
sachusetts, founded,  named,  built  and  made  famous 

58 


the  city  of  Marietta,  you  would  feel  the  same  kind 
of  astonishment  as  that  audience.  You  might  go  far- 
ther, you  might  ask  whether  the  Puritan  fathers  were 
to  have  no  rest;  must  they  not  only  create  their  own 
immortal  role  upon  the  world's  stage,  but  appear  be- 
fore the  curtain  whenever  the  words  "New  England" 
are  heard?  Why  not  leave  them  out  today?  Why 
not  assume  for  once  that  the  religious,  social  and 
political  influence  of  New  England  is  still  going  on 
its  way  and  spreading  ever  wider,  — 

"Out  there  on  the  Archipelago, 

In  the  region  of  the  Horn, 
Somewhere  in  the  locks  of  the  Equinox 

And  the  Tropic  of  Capricorn." 

Twenty  years  ago,  when  the  English  historian,  Ed- 
ward Freeman,  came  over  to  lecture  in  America,  he 
painfully  evolved  the  phrase  "New  England  and  Old 
England,"  which  seemed  to  him  to  involve  the  novel 
historical  truth  that  the  old  region  preceded  and  ac- 
counted for  the  new.  Perhaps  he  was  unaware  that 
during  the  English  Commonwealth  in  Cromwell's 
time,  the  people  had  much  to  say  about  "The  New 
England  Way",  by  which  they  meant  principles  of 
religious  and  political  organization  which  had  been 
proved  in  America,  and  could  be  put  into  operation  in 
the  mother  country.  There  is  also  a  Western  Way, 
an  Ohio  Idea,  if  we  can  only  find  it,  which  has  in 
like  manner  affected  the  hive  from  which  swarmed  the 
New  England  emigrants  of  1788.  And  who  could 
have  a  better  opportunity  to  observe  and  record  these 
subtle  influences  than  one  who  is  himself  an  eastward 
emigrant,  a  son  of  Ohio  planted  in  Massachusetts? 
Not  that  I  am  too  deeply  planted!  People  say  that 
in  Magnolia  Cemetery  at  Charleston,  South  Carolina, 
is  a  tombstone  bearing  the  inscription,  "Here  lies  the 
body  of  John  Wilkins,  who  came  to  this  place  when 

59 


six  months  old  and  died  at  the  age  of  ninety  four. 
Although  a  comparative  stranger  in  Charleston,  Mr. 
Wilkins'  last  days  were  soothed  by  the  attentions  of 
the  people  of  this  city.^'  Cambridge  is  more  hospita- 
ble; after  only  thirty  years  in  Cambridge,  one  some- 
times begins  to  see  prospects  of  no  longer  being  a  com- 
parative stranger  there.  On  the  other  hand,  as  in  the 
case  of  the  person  down  on  Cape  Cod,  who  was  said 
by  her  neighbors  not  to  be  a  real  Cape  Cod  woman, 
inasmuch  as  her  mother  was  born  in  Plymouth,  per- 
haps you  will  not  accept  as  a  proper  representative 
of  the  Ohio  Company  of  Associates,  a  Western  Reserve 
Yankee,  attendant  on  the  shrine  of  the  Connecticut 
Land  Company.  Today,  however,  northern  and  south- 
ern Ohio  may  in  common  cause  claim  for  themselves 
that  their  forefathers  made  New  England;  and  that 
the  present  generation  in  the  West  is  helping  to  re- 
make it. 

INFLUENCE  OF  NEW   ENGLAND  PEOPLE 

In  a  state  like  Ohio,  within  whose  limits  in  1787, 
the  only  residents  were  wild  Indians,  the  garrisons 
of  military  posts,  and  a  few  squatters  sullenly  hid- 
ing themselves  from  the  troops  who  ejected  them 
whenever  found,  the  elements  of  the  original  popu- 
lation were  all  external.  Ohio  drew  in  people  as  a 
dry  sponge  sucks  in  water ;  but  within  the  first  decade, 
a  trickling  stream  of  emigrants  began  to  pass  farther 
westward,  until  today  more  than  a  million  bom  Buck- 
eyes are  a  part  of  the  population  of  other  states  and 
territories;  of  these  about  ten  thousand  are  settled 
in  New  England;  the  state  of  Massachusetts  has  re- 
ceived over  five  thousand  of  them  and  has  contributed 
only  about  seven  thousand  five  hundred  to  the  present 
population  of  this  stata  It  is  not  for  me  to  say  how 
far  the  quality  of  these  re-emigrants  compares  with 

60 


THE    MOUNTliD   TABI.ET 


that  of  the  sturdy  pioneers  of  1788.  No  one  can  study 
the  history  of  the  Ohio  Company  without  a  strong 
feeling  of  admiration  for  the  character  and  pluck  of 
the  first  settlers,  and  of  the  thousands  who  followed 
them  from  New  England.  At  both  ends  of  the  line, 
Rjafus  Putnam  stands  as  one  of  the  most  admirable 
men  of  his  time,  realizing  the  dictum  of  Emerson: 
"A  sturdy  lad  from  New  Hampshire  or  Vermont,  who 
in  turn  tries  all  professions,  who  teams  it,  farms  it, 
peddles^  keeps  a  school,  preaches,  edits  a  newspaper, 
goes  to  Congress,  buys  a  township,  etc.,  in  successive 
years,  and  always  like  a  cat,  falls  on  his  feet,  is  worth 
a  hundred  of  these  city  dolls.  He  walks  abreast  with 
his  days,  and  feels  no  shame  in  not  ^studying  a  pro- 
fession' for  he  does  not  postpone  his  life  but  lives 
already.^'  Never  was  there  a  broader  or  a  livelier 
spirit  of  enterprise,  and  I  am  proud  to  be  the  husband 
of  one  of  Rufus  Putnam's  kinsfolk,  and  to  find  in 
the  list  of  Putnam's  friends,  who  signed  the  petition 
in  1783  the  name  of  John  Hart  of  Connecticut,  from 
among  my  own  kinsfolk. 

When  Major  Denny  visited  the  little  colony  in  1788, 
he  recorded  that  ^^those  people  appear  the  most  happy 
folks  in  the  world;  greatly  satisfied  with  their  new 
purchase.  But  they  certainly  are  the  best  informed, 
the  most  courageous  and  civil  strangers  I  have  yet 
met  with."  Not  only  were  the  fathers  of  the  Ohio 
Company  enterprising,  they  were  far  removed  from 
the  supposed  New  England  austerity  and  reserve. 
Manasseh  Cutler  was  treated  with  "a  handsome  din- 
ner with  punch  and  wine.  The  General  and  ladies 
in  the  Garrison  very  sociable."  And  the  prototype 
of  this  gathering  today  appears  to  have  been  that  de- 
scribed by  Cutler  on  Sunday,  August  24,  1788. 
"Cloudy  this  morning,  and  very  muddy,  attended  pub- 
lic worship  in  the  Hall  in  Campus  Martins;  the  hall 

61 


very  full;  had  but  one  exercise.  People  came  from 
the  Virginia  shore  and  from  the  garrison."  The 
ladies,  too,  then  as  now,  contribute  to  the  charms  of 
Marietta.  The  circumspect,  Rev.  Manasseh  Cutler, 
thought  "Mrs.  McCurdy  very  agreeable,"  and  "Miss 
Symmes  a  very  well  accomplished  young  lady."  Anoth- 
er traveller  regrets  to  reflect  upon  "Miss  Symmes'  ami- 
able disposition  and  highly  cultivated  mind,  about  to 
be  buried  in  the  wilderness."  The  worlds  of  fashion 
even  extended  to  Indian  belles,  for  Cutler  writes  of 
a  stately  squaw.  Madam  Zanes.  "It  was.  said  she 
had  on  three  hundred  brooches  and  that  her  whole 
dress  cost  her  |500."  Yet,  contrary  perhaps  to  the 
general  impression  the  New  Engianders,  after  a  year 
or  two,  were  never  probably  a  majority  of  the  peo- 
ple of  Ohio.  The  settlers  in  the  Symmes  Purchase 
came  from  the  Middle  States ;  of  the  Virginia  bounty 
lands,  from  the  South.  Outside  of  the  Reserve  and 
the  Ohio  Company,  there  are  few  distinctively  New 
England  centers  in  the  State;  and  almost  from  the  be- 
ginning, there  were  several  elements  of  foreign  birth. 
Denny  found  a  number  of  Germans  among  the  garri- 
son of  Fort  Harmar,  some  of  whom  doubtless  married 
and  became  the  ancestors  of  some  of  you.  The  French 
of  Gallipolis  contributed  a  vivacious  element.  The 
Scotch  Irish  spread  from  Pennsylvania  and  Virginia 
and  North  Carolina  into  Southern  and  Central  Ohio, 
and  today,  though  by  no  means  the  most  heterogen- 
eous of  the  States,  Ohio  has  over  460,000  foreigners 
of  whom  about  50,000  are  Englishmen,  60,000  Irish- 
men and  over  200,000  Germans. 

A  like  change  may  be  traced  in  New  England,  which 
in  1787  had  by  far  the  purest  strain  of  English  blood 
in  the  New  World ;  except  for  a  few  French  Hugenots 
and  stray  Scotchmen,  Irishmen  and  Dutchmen,  the 
New  Engianders  were  the  direct  descendants  of  the 

62 


English  emigration  which  came  over  between  1620 
and  1640.  But  now,  how  different !  Out  of  six  mil- 
lion New  Englanders  more  than  a  million  and  a  half 
were  born  outside  of  the  United  States  and  another 
million  and  a  half  born  of  foreign  parents.  Of  the 
three  million  people  in  Massachusetts,  nearly  a  million 
were  born  abroad,  800,000  are  of  foreign  parentage, 
and  about  four  hundred  thousand  more  are  natives 
of  other  states  leaving  only  about  eight  hundred 
thousand  Massachusetts  people  in  Massachusetts. 
This  foreign  immigration  to  NeAv  England  is  of  course 
not  in  any  way  the  result  of  the  similar  influx  into  the 
West;  but  it  brings  upon  New  England  exactly  the 
problems  which  the  western  people  have  to  solve. 

An  important  current  of  movement  from  west  to 
east,  which  has  no  returning  eddy  is  that  of  students 
of  the  higher  learning.  Universities,  Colleges,  Tech- 
nical Schools,  Professional  Schools,  musical  and  art 
institutes,  academies,  are  fed  constantly  by  supplies 
from  the  west.  This  applies  not  simply  to  the  stu- 
dents, but  to  the  teachers.  There  is  hardly  a  College 
in  the  east  which  does  not  include  within  its  Faculty 
western  men,  not  only  of  its  own  graduation,  but  from 
western  institutions ;  one  of  the  most  efficient  profes- 
sors of  Yale  College  is  a  graduate  of  Western  Ke- 
serve  and  formerly  a  professor  in  that  institution; 
Harvard  University  recently  made  a  graduate  of  your 
own  College  here  Acting  Dean  of  its  Divinity  School, 
and  within  a  few  days  in  seeking  for  a  Dean  to  organ- 
ize and  direct  the  new  graduate  students  of  Applied 
Science  chose  a  graduate  of  Ohio  State  University. 
Partly  from  these  students  who  find  careers  in  the 
east,  partly  from  the  return  of  the  children  of  New 
Englanders,  partly  from  direct  emigration,  the  alum- 
ni of  Western  institutions  began  to  accumulate  in 
numbers  and  in  power  in  the  New  England  cities; 

63 


Marietta  College,  Oberlin  College,  Michigan  Universi- 
ty, Western  Reserve  University  have  vigorous  clubs 
in  Boston.  The  numerous  professional  and  business 
men  in  that  city,  who  count  the  west  to  be  their  great 
Alma  Mater,  have  called  for  the  recent  organization 
of  the  Western  Club,  which  is  to  maintain  sound 
principles  in  this  center  of  intellectuality. 

LANGUAGE 

The  reason  why  so  many  western  people  are  found 
in  the  east  is  twofold:  first,  they  discovered  oppor- 
tunities ;  and  second,  they  were  competent  to  improve 
them.  Eastern  men  go  west  precisely  for  the  same 
reason.  It  is  significant  that  such  an  interchange 
should  be  established  in  the  face  of  some  local  preju- 
dice and  preference  in  both  sections.  The  truth  is 
that  the  barrier  is  broken  down;  there  is  little  dis- 
tinction of  appearance  or  manner  between  the  eas- 
terner and  the  man  of  the  Middle  West.  I  know  of 
a  professor  of  geology  who  went  out  to  investigate 
a  mine,  and  arrayed  himself  in  local  raiment  of 
Scotch  hat,  rough  clothes,  and  trousers  thrust  into 
his  boots.  He  was  met  by  the  proprietor  of  the  mine 
who  had  prepared  himself  to  meet  the  stranger  in  his 
presumed  native  costume  by  putting  on  a  black  suit 
and  tall  hat.  Nor  could  they  decide  which  was  lady 
and  which  was  tiger.  The  supposed  Shibboleth  of 
dialect  was  never  determining  and  has  now  almost 
ceased  to  exist.  I  know  of  an  eastern  lady  who,  on 
meeting  an  lowan  said  to  her  "You  don't  seem  to  talk 
like  a  westerner;  you  talk  very  much  as  we  do;  but 
then  I  have  only  known  one  western  person  before  I 
met  you."  "Yes,  and  where  did  she  come  from?" 
"She  came  from  Baltimore." 

Leaving  aside  such  misapprehensions,  there  is  no 
western  dialect,  and  indeed,  no  New  England  dialect. 

64 


RuFus   Putnam 

Leader  of  the  Founders  of  Marietta,  Ohio 


From  ''Pilots  of  the  Jicpublic"  by  Archer  B.  Hulbert, 
by  courtesy  of  A.  C.  McClurgr  &  Co. 


Though  I  have  spent  twenty-five  years  of  my  life  in 
New  England,  I  have  never  heard  the  Yankee  dialect 
of  Lowell's  Bigelow  Papers^  or  anything  approaching 
it,  except  in  the  Western  Reserve  of  Ohio,  where  my 
Uncle  Gad,  my  Aunt  Eunice,  and  my  third  cousin 
Lovicy  "wanted  to  know"  and  "haouw  you  talked"  to 
the  heart's  content.  Never  shall  I  forget  Mrs.  Gen. 
Pierce's  comment  upon  the  wealthy  friend  who  did  not 
bring  her  sons  up  to  do  something  useful.  "I  says  to 
Mrs.  Kimball  says  I,  ^Haouw  you  are  a  missin'  on't'." 
Still  Mrs.  Gen.  Pierce  was  a  New  Hami)shire  woman, 
who  had  brought  with  her  the  treasures  of  her  own 
home  language.  I  have  married  into  a  New  Hamp- 
shire family  and  thereby  have  become  conversant 
with  similar  expressions,  which  could  hardly  be  found 
in  the  mouth  of  a  born  westerner,  such  as:  "Now 
do  be  a  man  or  a  mouse,  or  a  long  tailed  rat,  with 
your  pockets  full  of  gold  and  silver,"  or,  "he  don't 
want  it  no  more  than  a  toad  wants  a  tail,  every  bit 
and  grain,"  or,  "Money  enough  and  two  dollars  over" 
—  which  is  more  than  our  millionaires  appear  to  pos- 
sess. I  know  when  a  person  of  uncertain  temper 
looks  "wapish"  and  when  the  indecisive  person  "wee 
waws"  in  his  opinions.  I  have  seen  things  "as  nice  as 
a  cotton  hat,"  and  condoled  with  woes  "which  would 
make  a  bird  shed  tears."  I  am  familiar  with  that  un- 
willingness to  make  a  positive  assertion  which  takes 
refuge  in  the  statement  that  a  bankrupt  "haint  been 
any  more  successful  in  business  than  he  expected  to." 
To  balance  these  expressions  with  western  phrases 
of  equal  significance  would  be  difficult,  except  per- 
haps the  favorite  Buckeye  expression  "Going  to  go." 
But  though  Noah  Webster's  dictionary  was  made  in 
New  Haven  and  Worcester's  in  Cambridge,  New  Eng- 
land no  longer  has  a  monopoly  of  the  American  lan- 
guage.    If  we  seek  the  exact  spot  where  the  mother 

65 


tongue  is  spoken  in  the  average  form,  would  it  not 
logically  be  found  at  the  geographical  center  of  pop- 
ulation, which,  as  all  the  world  knows,  is  near  Colum- 
bus, Indiana?  Certainly  there  is  an  American  pro- 
nunciation of  the  English  language  which  prevails 
with  little  alteration  from  the  Hudson  River  west- 
ward to  the  Mississippi,  and  which  from  year  to  year 
undermines  the  more  precise  and  perhaps  accurate 
speech  of  the  born  New  Englander. 

New  England  place  names  appear  in  widening  cir- 
cles —  Bostons  and  New  Bostons ;  Springfield,Massa- 
chusetts;  Springfield,  Ohio;  Springfield,  Illinois; 
Springfield,  Missouri;  Springfield,  Kansas.  In  some 
of  these  cases,  as  for  instance  Granville,  Ohio,  the 
new  settlement  was  made  by  the  emigration  of  a  whole 
community,  taking  with  it  church,  schools  and  town- 
meeting.  This  influence  of  nomenclature  is  hardly 
reciprocal,  though  future  historians  may  perhaps  in- 
quire whether  great  statesmen  like  Washington,  Jef- 
ferson, Hamilton  and  Trumbull  were  born  in  the  Ohio 
counties  which  bear  the  same  names;  and  whether 
by  any  chance  the  parents  of  Marie  Antoinette  could 
have  given  her  that  pleasant  name  because  they  had 
been  settlers  in  the  French  Colony  near  the  agreeable 
town  of  Marietta. 

EDUCATION 

Perhaps  it  might  be  fanciful  to  set  up  the  West  as 
the  creator  of  the  present  New  England  standard  of 
pronunciation,  which  shows  the  debilitating  influence 
of  the  Middle  States,  Southern  and  English  locutions, 
as  well  as  of  Western,  but  in  the  training  of  youth, 
the  shuttle  has  flown  from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Missis- 
sippi, and  back  again.  It  was  Humphreys  in  his  poem 
on  the  Future  State  of  the  Western  Territory,  who 
predicted  in  1787  (?) 

66 


"Then  oh,  blest  land!  with  genius  unconfin'd, 
With  polish'd  manners,  and  the  illumin'd  mind. 
Thy  future  race  on  daring  wing  shall  soar, 
Each  science  trace,  and  all  the  arts  explore." 

And  Humphreys  had  good  reason  to  expect  a  high 
state  of  culture  in  the  West,  for  like  the  first  Eng- 
lishman who  came  to  New  England,  the  earliest  set- 
tlers of  this  newer  England,  included  men  of  high 
intellectual  power  and  excellent  training.  Manasseh 
Cutler,  a  graduate  of  Yale,  was  one  of  the  most  versa- 
tile and  accomplished  men  of  his  time  —  minister, 
school-master,  botanist,  member  of  Congress  and  com- 
monwealth founder.  His  son  relates  of  him  that  in 
his  school  he  was  equally  successful  in  preparing  for 
College,  teaching  theology  and  instructing  in  the  art 
of  navigation.  Among  the  other  settlers  was  "Major 
Dean  Tyler,  a  scholar  and  a  gentleman,  educated  at 
Harvard  College."  Putnam  had  been  successful  as  a 
farmer,  military  officer  and  surveyor.  These  were 
men,  educated,  not  only  in  the  schools  but  in  the  prac- 
tical side  of  life,  men  of  foresight  and  daring,  men  of 
resources  and  courage. 

One  of  their  first  solicitudes  was  for  the  proper 
bringing  up  of  youth.  A  great  deal  of  twaddle  has 
been  written  about  the  origin  of  free  public  schools 
in  America.  Massachusetts,  New  York  and  Virginia 
contend  for  the  honor  of  first  introducing  them;  but 
not  one  of  those  communities  previous  to  the  Revolu- 
tion ever  established  a  system  of  what  we  call  free 
public  schools,  supported  wholly  by  taxation  and  open 
equally  to  boys  and  girls.  Outside  of  New  England 
there  was,  when  Marietta  was  planted,  no  such  thing 
in  the  United  States  as  a  system  of  state  supported 
schools  of  any  kind,  and  in  New  England  they  were 
poorly  taught,  worse  housed  and  not  supervised  at  all. 
Nevertheless  the  Ordinance  of  1785  affirmed  the  pub- 
lic importance  of  education  by  reserving  one  thirty- 

67 


sixth  of  the  new  land  for  the  support  of  the  schools, 
and  the  Ordinance  of  1787  inculcated  the  principle 
that  "schools  and  the  means  of  education  shall  forever 
be  encouraged";  while  in  the  contract  of  the  Ohio 
Company,  Cutler  secured  a  section  in  each  township 
for  the  support  of  the  schools,  another  "for  the  sup- 
port of  religion,"  and  two  whole  townships  for  a  uni- 
versity, as  the  gift  of  Congress  to  the  new  community. 
The  principle  of  duty  to  educate  the  youth  was  per- 
manent; the  educational  land  grant  was  fleeting,  for 
the  experience  of  a  century  has  shown  that  no  Ameri- 
can community  can  be  depended  upon  to  protect  such 
gifts,  either  by  a  system  of  leases,  or  by  holding  the 
land  for  a  high  price.  Within  the  present  limits  of 
the  city  of  Chicago  were  original  school  lands,  which 
if  properly  husbanded  would  support  the  whole  sys- 
tem of  public  schools  magnificently,  but  of  which  only 
a  few  thousand  square  feet  remain  in  public  owner- 
ship. Even  the  indirect  reflex  of  these  grants,  in  the 
creation  out  of  the  proceeds  of  the  AVestern  Reserve 
of  a  permanent  Connecticut  school  fund,  in  the 
judgment  of  the  authorities  of  that  State  has  served 
to  educate  the  people  of  Connecticut  chiefly  into 
spending  as  little  as  possible  beyond  their  proportion 
of  the  state  fund. 

The  great  significance  of  the  schools  in  the  Ohio 
Company's  purchase,  as  in  the  Reserve,  is  that  the 
people  would  have  them,  fund  or  no  fund;  and  that 
they  early  adopted  the  idea  of  giving  to  girls  equal 
educational  opportunities,  in  the  common  schools. 
The  admission  of  little  children  to  mixed  schools,  and 
of  large  girls  to  separate  sections  of  the  common 
schools  was  not  unknown  in  New  England ;  and  there 
were  a  few^  co-educational  academies  i)rior  to  1787. 
It  was  the  West,  however,  with  its  widely  diffused 
population,    that   taught   the   country   the   immense 

68 


financial  saving  of  large  school  expenditures.  The 
success  of  the  western  common  schools,  however  crude 
and  imperfectly  organized,  stimulated  the  eastern 
states,  so  that  fifty  years  from  the  founding  of  Ohio, 
every  northern  state  had  general  public  schools;  and 
in  girls'  academies,  and  female  seminaries,  and  in  a 
few  girls'  high  schools,  opportunities  for  advanced 
instruction  began.  It  was  the  West  which  first  recog- 
nized the  possibility  of  a  College  education  for  girls, 
as  the  founders  of  Oberlin  College  put  it  in  1833, 
^The  elevation  of  female  character,  by  bringing  within 
the  reach  of  the  misjudged  and  neglected  sex  all  the 
instructoral  privileges  which  have  hitherto  unreason- 
ably distinguished  the  leading  sex  from  theirs."  Then 
in  1841  Oberlin  began  the  conferring  of  the  degree  of 
A.  B.  on  women.  It  was  in  Iowa  that  women  were 
first  admitted  to  the  free  privileges  of  a  state  uni- 
versity. 

In  this  development,  Ohio  led  the  way.  The  foun- 
dation of  Muskingum  Academy  in  1797  (or  1798) 
made  possible  the  first  step  above  the  common  schools ; 
and  the  incorporation  of  a  state  university  at  Athens 
in  1801,  followed  by  Miami  University  and  Marietta 
College,  emphasized  the  determination  of  the  com- 
munity to  give  its  children  the  same  kind  of  advan- 
tages that  they  had  in  the  east. 

It  is  impossible  to  say  how  far  these  things  have 
reacted  upon  the  older  part  of  the  country,  but  it  is 
significant  that  the  Moseley  commission  of  English 
educational  experts,  a  few  years  ago,  pitched  upon  the 
University  of  Wisconsin  as  the  typical  American  uni- 
versity. The  idea  of  state  universities  has  so  far 
worked  backward  in  New  England,  that  Maine  and 
Vermont  have  adopted  it,  though  in  the  other  four 
states  the  ground  is  practically  pre-empted  by  en- 
dowed colleges  of  great  prestige.     But  those  endowed 

69 


Colleges  have  been  modified,  both  by  the  example  of 
western  institutions  and  by  the  competition  of  their 
great  growing  rivals.  Co-education,  which  does  not 
accord  w^ith  New  England  traditions,  has  penetrated 
into  many  of  the  public  and  private  universities  of 
the  East,  and  has  only  been  stayed  by  the  creation  of 
splendidly  housed  and  excellently  taught  separate 
Avomen's  Colleges,  while  the  two  great  universities 
of  Harvard  and  Columbia  have  neutralized  the  de- 
mand for  the  education  of  the  girls  by  setting  up  ad- 
junct Colleges  for  women,  a  kind  of  lightning  rods 
to  carry  away  the  electricity.  In  this  respect  influ- 
ence seems  to  be  moving  a  second  time  westward,  inas- 
much as  this  so-called  "co-ordinate  system  of  educa- 
tion'' has  been  adopted  at  Western  Reserve  Universi- 
ty, and  in  part  at  the  University  of  Chicago;  while  in 
several  of  the  state  universities  the  students  tacitly 
approve  it  by  declining  to  affiliate  with  the  women 
members  of  their  classes  in  class  organizations,  or 
social  events. 

POLITICAL  METHODS 

A  larger,  more  direct  and  more  easily  traceable  in- 
fluence of  the  West  upon  the  East  has  been  in  the 
development  of  government  and  political  methods. 
In  1787  the  machinery  both  of  government  and  of 
parties  was  comparatively  simple:  state  officers  w^ere 
few^;  appointive  officers  had  secure  tenures;  elective 
officers  were  often  chosen  for  many  successive  terms, 
and  political  parties  were  not  yet  constructed  on  a 
national  basis.  Political  chicanery,  fraud  and  cor- 
ruption were  by  no  means  unknown ;  it  was  no  politi- 
cal Arcady.  More  than  two  centuries  ago  when  a 
ballot  was  being  taken  in  the  Boston  town  meeting, 
it  is  recorded  that  "The  inhabitants  proceeded  to 
bring  in  their  votes,  and  when  the  Selectmen  were  Re- 

70 


ceiving  'em  at  the  door  of  the  Hall  they  observed  one 
of  the  inhabitants,  viz.,  John  Pigeon  to  put  in  about 
a  dozen  with  the  word  Yea  wrote  on  all  of  'em  and 
being  charged  Avith  so  doing  he  acknowledged  it"  In 
1765  a  Philadelphia  politician  wrote  to  a  friend  that 
the  way  to  win  was  to  "let  it  be  spread  through  the 
country,  that  your  party  intend  to  come  well  armed 
to  the  election,  and  that  you  intend,  if  there  is  the 
h^ast  partiality  in  either  sheriff,  inspectors,  or  man- 
agers of  the  election,  that  you  will  thrash  the  sheriff, 
every  inspector,  Quaker  and  Mennonist  to  a  jelly;" 
adding,  "I  see  no  danger  in  the  scheme  but  that  of  a 
riot."  The  western  people  had  some  early  acquaint- 
ance with  these  methods.  Ephraim  Cutler  complains 
that  when  a  candidate  for  the  colonelcy  of  his  mili- 
tia regiment  in  Ohio,  the  election  was  held  in  secret 
and  without  due  notice;  that  even  then  he  got  a  ma- 
jority of  the  votes,  but  was  nevertheless  deprived  of 
his  office. 

The  great  contribution  of  the  West  to  American 
government  has  been  the  extension  of  the  suffrage. 
For  years  nobody  out  here  was  rich  except  in  the 
ownership  of  undeveloped  lands,  and  the  usual  prop- 
erty qualifications  were  easy  to  acquire,  so  that  the 
universal  suffrage  of  white  men  speedily  came  about. 
The  desire  to  stimulate  immigration  led  to  the  offer 
of  suffrage  to  naturalized  citizens  and  even  to  declar- 
ants. This  flame  of  popular  government  swept  back- 
ward across  the  mountains,  and  within  about  forty 
years  from  the  planting  of  Ohio  had  practically  over- 
run every  New  England  State.  ^  This  was  the  youth 
of  the  World ;  this  was  the  glorious  time  when  men  be- 
lieved in  the  educating  power  of  the  ballot;  when 
"government  by  the  consent  of  the  governed"  came 
as  near  realization  as  is  humanly  possible,  when  the 
immigrants  on  the  whole  justified  the  belief  that  re- 

71 


sponsibility  brings  reason  and  caution;  when  special 
privileges  of  property  holders  or  tax  payers  disap- 
peared. The  western  communities  with  something 
like  equality  of  conditions,  could  furnish  equality  of 
opportunities ;  and  exhibited  to  the  world  an  example 
of  real  democracy.  The  East  A\dth  its  accumulated 
wealth,  its  traditions  of  social  distinctions,  and  its 
variety  of  occupations  seemed  less  fitted  for  such  a 
process;  nevertheless  the  right  to  vote  was  success- 
fully extended  to  the  day  laborers  and  mill  hands  of 
New  England.  The  influence  of  universal  suffrage 
has  in  our  day  been  much  diminished,  first,  by  the 
widespread  disposition  to  exclude  a  race  of  ten  mil- 
lions altogether,  and  second,  from  the  neutralizing  in- 
fluence of  masses  of  voters,  casting  their  ballots  as 
directed  by  employers,  or  by  political  machines;  but 
there  is  as  little  likelihood  of  any  serious  diminution 
of  this  privilege  in  New  England  as  in  any  part  of  the 
country. 

Another  influence  of  the  West  upon  the  East  has 
been  in  the  development  of  the  idea  of  rotation  in 
office.  In  Ncav  England,  from  Colonial  times,  it  was 
expected  that  any  efficient  public  servant,  governor, 
ex-judge  or  assemblyman  would  be  returned  for  a 
succession  of  years;  thus  Jonathan  Trumbull  was 
seventeen  times  elected  Governor  of  Connecticut. 
Partly  because  of  the  unpopularity  of  Governor  St. 
Clair  during  his  fourteen  years  of  service  in  the 
Northwest  Territory,  and  partly  because  of  the  feel- 
ing that  any  man  was  good  enough  to  clothe  a  public 
office,  such  long  public  service  never  obtained  in  the 
west,  and  from  the  replacing  of  elective  officers  at 
the  end  of  brief  terms,  the  idea  of  rotation  extended 
to  appointive  officers,  even  to  small  positions.  The 
sweeping  out  of  political  opponents,  whenever  a  new 
party  got  control  of  the  state  government,  began  in 

72 


Rev.  Manasseh  Cuti^er 
Agent  to  Congress  of  the  Ohio  Company 


From  "-Pilots  of  the  Republic"  by  Archer  B.  Hulbert, 
by  courtesy  of  A.  C.  McClurgf  &  Co. 


Pennsylvania  and  in  New  York;  but  the  idea  that  a 
public  office  is  a  gift  and  not  an  opportunity,  and  a 
good  thing  which  ought  to  be  passed  from  hand  to 
hand,  instead  of  an  instrumentality  for  rendering  a 
public  service,  grew  very  slowly  in  New  England  and 
was  powerfully  reinforced  by  the  influence  of  the 
West. 

In  one  of  the  arts  of  government  the  founders  of 
the  Ohio  Company  furnished  a  brilliant  example: 
Never  was  there  a  more  ingenious,  systematic  and  suc- 
cessful piece  of  lobbying  that  that  of  Eev.  Manasseh 
Cutler  before  the  Congress  of  the  Confederation.  He 
came  down  to  New  York  in  July,  1787,  armed  with 
forty-three  letters  of  introduction  to  members  of  Con- 
gress and  other  influential  people;  he  dined  with  the 
President  of  the  Board  of  Treasury;  he  paid  his  re- 
spects to  the  President  of  Congress ;  he  called  on  mem- 
bers of  Congress;  he  made  a  list  of  the  members  op- 
posed to  his  project,  in  order  to  "bring  the  opponents 
over."  "In  order  to  get  at  some  of  them,  so  as  to 
work  powerfully  on  their  minds,"  says  he,  "in  some 
instances  we  engaged  one  person,  who  engaged  a  sec- 
ond, and  he  a  third,  and  so  on  to  a  fourth  before  we 
could  effect  our  purpose,"  an  early  instance  of  the 
mystic  power  of  "influence."  He  flnally  reduced 
the  opponents  to  three,  about  whom  he  said,  "Of  Few 
and  Bingham,  there  is  hope,  but  to  bring  over  that 
stubborn  mule  of  a  Kearney  I  think  is  beyond  our 
power."  He  placated  St.  Clair  by  advocating  his  ap- 
pointment to  the  governorship  of  the  Northwest  Ter- 
ritory; and  he  finally  accomplished  his  purpose  by 
making  a  combination  with  the  promoters  of  the  Sci- 
oto Company,  whose  only  object  was  to  get  an  "op- 
tion" which  they  might  sell  out  without  putting  any 
money  into  the  enterprise,  and  who  organized  a  sys- 
tem of  American  and  French  companies  and  holding 

73 


companies,  which  might  be  studied  by  some  of  our 
modern  corporations  with  great  profit  to  themselves 
and  corresponding  damage  to  the  public  interest.  But 
all  this  machinery  was  set  in  motion,  simply  to  ac- 
complish a  purpose  of  great  benefit  to  the  United 
States,  and  the  land  operations  of  the  Ohio  Company, 
though  less  successful  financially  than  was  hoped, 
showed  an  openness  and  straightforwardness  in  strik- 
ing contrast  to  the  shady  manipulation  of  the  Scioto 
Company,  which  resulted  in  fraud,  bankruptcy  and 
misery  to  all  concerned.  Cutler's  lobbying  was  arch- 
angelic  compared  with  the  temporary  scheme  of  the 
Cuyahoga  Purchase  to  which  he  alludes  in  his  diary. 
Certain  Canadians  and  others  in  1796  got  a  fraudu- 
lent Indian  Treaty,  under  which  they  claimed  about 
five  million  acres  south  of  Lake  Erie;  and  they  did 
their  best  to  secure  a  confirmation  from  Congress; 
eventually  the  promoters  were  glad  to  accept  six  hun- 
dred dollars  in  settlement  of  their  preposterous 
claims,  which  approach  recent  land  transactions  in 
Oregon  for  their  barefaced  impudence. 

THE  PROBLEM  OF  COLONIZATION 

In  still  another  way  the  West  has  been  the  instruc- 
tor of  the  East.  In  the  literature  of  the  time,  we 
find  two  significant  phrases :  Manasseh  Cutler  speaks 
of  the  settlement  as  a  "colony"  and  Kufus  Putnam 
calls  the  United  States  "an  empire.''  Both  words 
denote  the  conception  that  the  United  States  consis- 
ted of  two  separate  sections,  the  states  and  the  terri- 
tories or  dependencies.  Theodore  Roosevelt  thinks 
the  foundation  of  Marietta  an  easy  task  compared  with 
that  of  their  neighbors  in  Kentucky  and  Tennessee. 
"The  dangers  they  ran  and  the  hardships  they  suf- 
fered," says  he,  in  his  Winning  of  the  West^  "in  no 
wise  approached  those  undergone  and  overcome  by  the 

74 


ironwilled,  iron-limbed  hunters  who  first  built  their 
lonely  cabins  on  the  Cumberland  and  Kentucky."  It 
is  true  there  was  a  springtime  of  intoxication  of  ad- 
venture and  danger  in  the  southern  settlements ;  that 
the  Kentuckian  might  shout  with  the  dweller  of  the 
Heaven-kissing  Himalayas : 

•*0  Joy !     In  the  olden  time  the  Head-Father-Spirit  made  the  earth, 
(He)  the  Sky-Existing-One  made  this  earth, 

He  clothed  the  stony  bosom  of  this  tearful  earth  with  fertile  fields 
When  the  men  were  made  and  the  jointed  bamboos  and  the  trees. 
At  the  same  time  were  we,  the  sons  of  the  ( one ) -mother-flesh  jolly 

fellows. 
O  Joy!     The  mulberry  trees  were  made  with  the  rice  and  other  food 

plants, 
The  running  rivers  were  made  with  their  fleeting  fishes. 
The  fleeting  sky-birds  were  made  with  the  worms  and  insects. 
And  the  rainbow  was  made  by  our  first  great  grandfather, 
(But)   our  troubles  were  made  by  our  first  great  grandmother." 

In  this  joy  of  the  undiscovered  the  Ohio  Associates 
perhaps  did  not  share ;  but  they  knew  many  of  the  dan- 
gers of  the  frontier.  For  them  the  volleys  of  Indian 
musketry  blazed  out  along  the  wooded  bluffs  of  the 
Ohio;  into  their  skulls  sank  the  tomahawk;  to  their 
houses  were  applied  the  torch.  The  Kentuckian  was 
but  exchanging  one  log  house  for  another,  leaving  the 
buck  for  the  buffalo ;  the  New  Englander  was  turning 
his  back  on  comfort  and  prosperity.  The  Kentuckian 
expected  to  remain  a  backwoodsman;  the  Ohioan, 
from  the  first  conception  of  Putnam  in  1783,  had  no 
intention  of  anything  but  ultimate  statehood  and 
membership  in  the  Federal  Union.  The  Northwest 
Territory  Avas  the  school  of  future  states;  its  consti- 
tution, the  Great  Ordinance  of  1787,  is  a  document 
which  stands  alongside  Magna  Charta  and  the  Dec- 
laration of  Independence  as  a  bold  assertion  of  the 
rights  of  the  individual. 

Especially  was  this  difference  of  moral  purpose 
visible  in  the  slavery  clause  of  the  Ordinance.     The 

75 


Kentuckian  and  the  Tennesseean  carried  along  his 
slave,  if  he  had  any,  and  drifted  into  a  status  of  per- 
manent slave-holding;  the  Ohio  Company  insisted  on 
the  first  national  condemnation  of  slavery,  and  in 
spite  of  the  strong  influence  of  southern  settlers,  every 
state  formed  out  of  the  Northwest  Territory,  persisted 
in  freedom.  These  two  lessons  were  read  by  older 
states.  The  influence  of  Ohio,  and  Indiana,  and  Illi- 
nois helped  to  hold  Connecticut,  New  York,  Pennsyl- 
vania and  New  Jersey  to  their  schemes  of  gradual 
emancipation.  From  the  Ohio  Purchase  and  from 
Western  Keserve  sprang  two  streams  of  anti-slavery 
sentiment,  which  united  in  a  western  abolition  move- 
ment, as  vigorous  and  more  effective  than  the 
New  England  movement.  Thus  the  New  England 
people,  in  sowing  the  seed  of  liberty  and  equal  justice 
were  preparing  a  crop,  not  only  for  their  western  chil- 
dren, but  for  their  kindred  remaining  on  the  Atlantic 
coast. 

After  all,  is  not  the  great  reason  for  the  influence 
of  the  West  on  New  England,  the  earlier  influence  of 
New  England  on  the  West,  which  still  goes  on  un- 
checked and  unmeasured?  If  the  West  sends  east- 
ward ideals,  ideas,  men  and  wealth.  New  England 
sends  westward  wealth,  men,  ideas  and  ideals.  In 
the  world  of  the  mind,  in  the  realm  of  action,  there  is 
no  longer  an  East  or  a  West;  we  all  listen  to  Walt 
Whitman : 

"I  hear  America  singing,  the  varied  carols  I  hear, 
Those  of  mechanics,  each  one  singing  his  as  it  should  be,  blithe  and 

strong, 
The  carpenter  singing  his  as  he  measures  his  plank  or  beam. 
The  mason  singing  his  as  he  makes  ready  for  work,  or  leaves  off 

work. 
The  delicious  singing  of  the  mother,  or  of  the  young  wife  at  work, 

or  of  the  girl  sewing  or  washing, 
Each  singing  what  belongs  to  him  or  her  and  to  none  else. 
The  day  what  belongs  to  the  day  —  at  night  the  part  of  young 

fellows,  robust,  friendly. 
Singing  with  open  mouths  their  strong  melodious  songs." 

76 


It  is  in  this  sense  that  Birnam  Wood  has  at 
last  come  to  Dunsinane,  that  the  New-Anglicized 
West  has  become  the  tutor  of  his  school-master,  that 
the  child  and  the  grandsire  are  twin  brothers.  Of 
New  England  it  might  be  said,  as  Bacon  said  of  Rome, 
"It  was  not  Rome  that  came  upon  the  world,  but  the 
world  that  came  upon  the  Romans;  and  that  is  the 
sure  way  of  greatness.'^ 


77 


THE  BANQUET 


Toastmaster,  Hon.  Chas.  G.  Dawes,  of  Chicago. 


The  Northwest  Territory.... Vice  President  Fairbanks 

"Oh  strange  Neiw  World  that  yet  wast  never  young, 
Nursed  by  stern  men  with  empires  in  their  brains." 

—  Lowell. 

The  Ohio  Company  of  Associates Homer  Lee,  Esq. 

"Here,  where  but  late  a  dreary  forest  spread, 
Putnam  a  little  band  of  settlers  led. 
And  now  behold,  with  patriot  joy  elate, 
The  infant  settlement  become  a  state." 

—  Harris'  Journal,  1803. 

The  Ohio  Valley Col.  Douglas  Putnam 

"See  towns  and  cities  rising  on  the  plain, 
While  fair  Ohio  bears,  with  conscious  pride. 
New  laden  vessels  to  the  ocean's  tide." 

—  Harris'  Journal,  1803. 

The  Home  of  the  Pioneers  —  Marietta 

A.  D.  Follett,  Esq. 

"And  see  the  spires  of  Marietta  rise. 
And  domes  and  temples  swell  into  the  skies ; 
Here  justice  reigns  and  foul  dissensions  cease. 
Her  walks  be  pleasure  and  her  paths  be  peace." 

—  Return  Jonathan  Meigs,  Jr.,  1789. 

Losantiville  —  The  Sister  Settlement 

Hon.  Nicholas  Longworth 

"This  song  of  the  vine. 
This  greeting  of  mine, 
The  winds  and  the  birds  shall  deliver 
To  the  Queen  of  the  West 
In  her  garlands  dressed 
On  the  banks  of  the  Beautiful  River." 
—  Longfellow,  dedicated  to  Mr.  Joseph  Longworth. 

78 


Rufus  Putnam  —  Father  of  Ohio Hon.  Ralph  Cole 

"Thou  skilled  by  Freedom  and  by  great  events 
To  pitch  new  States  as  Old  World  men  pitch  tents." 

— Lotoell. 

The  Great  Ordinance  of  1787..-.Senator  Charles  Dick* 

"The  greatest  blow  struck  for  freedom  and  against 
slavery  in  all  our  history,  save  only  Lincoln's  Emanci- 
pation Proclamation." 

— President  Roosevelt. 

The  Twin  Cities  on  the  Ohio.. ..Hon.  Chas.  W.  Archbold 

"Let  us  not  to  the  marriage  of  true  minds  admit  impediments." 

— Shakespeare. 

Marietta  College  —  Custodian  of  History 

Thomas  H.  Kelley,  Esq.* 

"Religion,  morality  and  knowledge  being  necessary  to 
the  good  government  and  the  happiness  of  mankind, 
schools  and  the  means  of  education  shall  forever  be 
encouraged." 

—Ordinance  of  1787. 
•Unable  to  attend. 

Hon.  Wade  Ellis,  Attorney  General  of  Ohio,  and 
Hon.  John  McSweeney  were  called  upon  by  the  toast- 
master  after  the  set  toasts  were  concluded. 


79 


TOASTS 


THE  NORTHWEST  TERRITORY 


Vice  President  Charles  W.  Fairbanks 


Mr.  Toastmaster  and  Gentlemen:  I  thank  you 
most  heartily  for  your  kindly  greeting.  This  is  the 
first  opportunity  I  have  had  to  visit  the  city  of  Mar- 
ietta. I  have  had  the  pleasure  of  visiting  many  sec- 
tions of  our  common  country  but  I  have  never  known 
until  today  how  much  I  have  really  lost  because  of 
my  failure  to  become  acquainted  with  Marietta  and 
its  splendid  citizenship.  I  simply  promise  now,  Mr. 
Toastmaster,  to  make  amends  in  the  future  by  coming 
here  upon  the  slightest  provocation.  I  am  led  to  be- 
lieve since  enjoying  your  hospitality  today  that  no 
son  of  the  great  Northwest  Territory  should  lay  him- 
self down  to  his  everlasting  sleep  without  coming 
here  to  the  cradle  of  liberty  in  the  great  Northwest. 
Our  ancestors  who  came  here  were  splendid  people 
—  men  and  women  of  a  high  order  of  intellect,  pa- 
triots in  the  highest  and  best  sense.  We  are  proud  of 
them.  We  cherish  their  virtues  and  their  services 
with  true  filial  fidelity.  It  occurred  to  me  as  I  sat 
here  tonight  and  looked  over  this  splendid  gathering 
of  those  who  are  proud  to  acknowledge  themselves  as 
members  of  the  great  Northwest  Territory,  that  if 
our  ancestors  were  to  come  here  and  look  upon  what 

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I  have  seen  and  what  you  have  seen,  they  would  be 
as  proud  of  their  posterity  as  we  are  of  them.  I  find 
in  all  of  the  evolution  that  has  occurred  in  the  North- 
west that  the  same  high  ideals,  the  same  splendid 
qualities  that  characterized  our  ancestors  are  found 
in  full  degree  in  their  posterity.  In  short,  we  are 
building  and  growing  in  every  department  of  human 
effort.  We  are  not  retrograding.  We  are  going 
forward.  We  have  taken  up  the  work  laid  down  by 
their  hands  and  we  have  gone  forward  expanding  in 
all  of  the  ways  of  true  greatness  and  true  power.  It 
is  well  it  is  so. 

The  Board  of  Trade  whose  hospitality  we  enjoy  to- 
night has  placed  us  all  under  great  obligation.  I  never 
speak  at  a  banquet  such  as  this  without  felicitating 
myself  that  there  are  men  in  the  different  communi- 
ties, in  the  different  cities  of  the  country,  devoted 
to  trade  and  commerce,  yes,  and  devoted  to  promot- 
ing civic  righteousness  within  their  communities,  de- 
voted to  building  up  a  splendid  citizenship.  Mar- 
ietta is  to  be  congratulated  upon  the  forceful  men 
of  business  within  her  limits.  I  congratulate  her 
not  only  upon  them  but  upon  some  of  the  splendid 
sons  she  has  sent  out  into  the  world  to  carve  out 
fame  and  fortune.  It  has  been  my  pleasure  to  know 
some  of  them  and  you  may  well  be  proud  of  many 
who  have  gone  from  this  nursery  of  business  men  and 
statesmen.     It  is  a  gratifying  thing  to  me  to  be  able 

to  sit  beside  one  of  Marietta's  sons  who  has  gone 
into  the  farther  Northwest  and  has  become  one  of  its 
leaders. 

This  city  possesses  a  peculiar  interest  to  me.  Many 
years  ago  my  ancestors  came  from  New  England  into 
the  farther  Northwest  by  way  of  Marietta.  They 
went  in  a  day  of  simple  things  when  it  took  patience 

81 


and  courage  to  go  into  the  wilderness  and  carve  out 
home  and  habitation. 

The  Northwest  territory  had  at  one  time  a  dis- 
tinctive place  upon  the  map  of  the  United  States.  It 
was  a  separate  political  entity.  We  have  talked  of  it 
as  such.  We  think  of  it  as  separate  and  distinct 
from  our  entire  country,  yet  under  the  evolution  of 
American  institutions  the  great  Northwest  is  but  a 
memory  —  though  a  splendid  memory  in  it.  It  has 
faded  away  and  has  merged  into  the  great  Kepublic 
of  the  United  States.  We  are  proud  of  the  fact  that 
we  are  members  of  the  Northwest  Territory,  but 
prouder  than  that  that  we  are  members  of  the  great 
Republic  of  the  United  States. 

The  Northwest  Territory  has  done  much  to  build 
up  and  make  our  country  great  and  splendid.  It 
is  the  heart  of  our  Republic.  The  center  of  popula- 
tion of  the  United  States  is  in  the  middle  of  it.  Our 
country  stands  but  at  the  morning  of  its  career,  great 
now  but  in  God's  providence  destined  to  a  greatness 
not  yet  fully  appreciated.  How  would  we  develop  it 
to  the  utmost?  We  must  all  make  our  contribution 
to  its  growth  and  its  progress.  We  are  not  satisfied 
with  what  we  have,  great  and  splendid  as  it  is.  We 
will  make  it  greater  and  more  splendid  by  carrying 
into  the  future  the  same  exalted  purpose,  the  same 
noble  aspiration,  which  inspired  Gen.  Rufus  Putnam 
and  the  men  who  came  here  to  establish  their  habita- 
tions and  their  homes  in  the  long  ago. 

I  had  the  pleasure  a  few  years  ago  of  visiting  the 
home  of  Gen.  Rufus  Putnam  in  Massachusetts.  It 
was  the  home  of  an  American  farmer.  It  was  the 
home  of  an  American  patriot.  It  was  the  home  of 
one  of  George  Washington's  trusted  leaders  in  the 
Revolutionary  War.     I  felt  a  peculiar  sensation.     It 

82 


seemed  as  if  I  stood  upon  sacred  ground.  For  the 
General  who  had  gone  into  the  service  from  New 
England,  had  come  into  the  west  to  carry  out  the 
principles  of  Republican  government  and  establish 
here  an  advanced  civilization.  I  visited  the  historic 
spot  in  company  with  a  great  patriot,  a  statesman 
of  profound  ability,  a  man  of  splendid  sympathies, 
a  man  of  genius,  who  eighteen  years  ago  delivered 
here,  one  of  the  best  orations  ever  uttered  upon  an 
historic  occasion  —  the  Hon.  George  Frisbie  Hoar. 

My  friends,  I  wish  to  thank  you  and  thank  you 
from  the  bottom  of  a  grateful  heart  for  the  hospitality 
I  have  enjoyed  in  Marietta.  I  simply  want  to  say  be- 
fore closing  that  I  am  a  candidate  for  an  invitation 
to  the  next  centennial  celebration  in  Marietta.  I 
do  not  know  when  the  event  will  occur  but  judging 
from  all  I  have  heard  which  has  transpired  in  the 
life  of  the  toastmaster,  when  I  have  been  told  of  the 
events  of  which  he  was  a  part  and  of  the  things 
he  has  achieved,  it  occurred  to  me  that  the  next  would 
be  the  centennial  celebration  of  the  birth  of  Charles 
G.  Dawes.  Whether  it  be  that  or  some  other, 
I  shall  felicitate  myself  upon  an  opportunity 
again  to  meet  with  you  around  the  festal 
board,  talk  over  the  splendid  story  of  the  past, 
rejoice  in  the  advancement  of  the  great  North- 
west Territory  of  which  we  are  proud,  yes, 
rejoice  in  the  advancement  of  our  common  country. 
I  enjoy  occasions  like  this  because  they  stir  in  us 
again  the  fires  of  patriotism.  They  take  us  out  of 
ourselves,  out  of  the  contemplation  of  mere  matters 
of  trade,  mere  matters  of  commerce,  away  from  sta- 
tistics of  expansion  and  grow^th  in  material  things, 
into  the  contemplation  of  those  nobler  and  more  splen- 
did aspirations  of  the  human  heart  and  of  the  human 

83 


soul.  We  meet  here  to  kindle  anew  our  love  for  our 
country,  our  veneration  for  the  banner  of  the  Kepublie 
that  has  come  to  be  the  mightiest  upon  the  face  of 
this  earth  of  ours. 


THE  OHIO  COMPANY  OF  ASSOCIATES 


Homer  Lee,  Esq. 


Mr.  Toastmaster,  Gentlemen:  It  is  a  pretty  hard 
proposition  to  follow  our  eloquent  Vice  President, 
who  has  covered  the  ground  so  well. 

The  Ohio  Company  of  Associates  of  New  York  has 
endeavored  to  take  up  the  threads  where  they  were 
laid  down  by  the  Pioneers  and  to  perpetuate  their 
memory  by  the  erection  of  memorial  tablets  upon 
sites  where  they  may  be  cared  for  and  preserved. 
The  first  tablet  was  put  up  in  New  York,  the  birth- 
place of  the  great  ordinance  of  1787,  and  the  other 
ordinance  authorizing  the  sale  of  lands  to  the  Ohio 
Company.  The  second  plate,  commemorating  the  first 
settlement  in  Ohio,  has  now  been  installed  in  Mar- 
ietta, and  we  expect  to  place  the  third  tablet  upon 
the  site  of  the  old  Bunch  of  Grapes  tavern  in  the 
city  of  Boston  where  the  Ohio  Company  was  organ- 
ized in  1786;  and  others  in  the  capitals  of  the  States 
which  composed  the  old  Northwest  Territory,  in  order 
that  the  names  and  deeds  of  General  Eufus  Putnam 
and  his  comrades  will  be  assured  of  everlasting  re- 
membrance. 

Upon  behalf  of  the  Ohio  Company,  I  thank  you. 


gentlemen. 


84 


THE  OHIO  VALLEY 


Col.  Douglas  Putnam 


It  is  said  that  the  State  of  Ohio  contains  the  ele- 
ments of  industry  to  a  greater  degree  than  any  other 
state  in  the  Union.  Be  this  as  it  may,  I  do  not  think 
the  resources  of  the  Ohio  Valley  have  been  appre- 
ciated fully.  As  time  passes  I  am  satisfied  that  their 
magnitude  is  becoming  better  understood.  At  the 
beginning  of  the  last  century  the  tide  of  emigration 
poured  over  the  Alleghenies,  stopped  at  the  head- 
waters of  the  Ohio.  In  1790  the  centre  of  population 
of  the  United  States  was  near  Baltimore.  Forty 
years  after  that  (1830)  it  had  crossed  the  Alleghenies 
and  was  at  that  time  in  what  was  then  the  state  of 
Virginia;  for  decade  after  decade  it  has  gone  west- 
ward toward  the  Ohio  Valley;  it  remained  three 
decades  in  West  Virginia,  two  in  Ohio,  one  in  Ken- 
tucky, and  two  in  Indiana,  where  it  now  rests.  While 
the  centre  of  population  may  not  have  any  peculiar 
significance  so  far  as  its  point  of  locality  is  concerned, 
yet  when  for  seven  consecutive  decades  it  has  gone  in 
one  direction  it  does  have  some  significance. 

But  this  is  not  all.  In  1850  the  government  com- 
menced a  tabulation  of  reports  as  to  the  centre  of 
manufacturing.  Naturally,  then,  it  was  in  Pennsyl- 
vania. But  it  remained  in  Pennsylvania  only  ten 
years  and  then  went  one  hundred  miles  toward  the 
Ohio  Valley,  resting  in  Western  Pennsylvania  where 
it  remained  until  1890;  now  in  the  State  of  Ohio. 
Thus  you  have  both  the  centre  of  population  and  the 
centre  of  manufacturing  in  the  Ohio  Valley.  Re- 
member, too,  that  four -fifths  of  the  known  deposits  of 
coal  are  in  this  Ohio  Valley;  the  great  deposits  of 
Pennsylvania  and  Ohio  and  West  Virginia  and  In- 

85 


diana  come  first  and  after  them  are  those  in  the  valley 
of  the  Big  Sandy  —  deposits  that  have  never  heard 
the  pick  in  a  miner's  hand  —  deposits  that  have  no 
chaotic  theory,  but  which  have  been  ascertained  to  a 
point  of  certainty  that  has  led  to  the  investment  of 
large  sums  of  money;  a  shipment  of  coal  can  be  ob- 
tained from  this  source  alone  that  will  supply  the 
United  States  for  three  hundred  years  to  come. 

Time  will  not  allow  me  to  speak  of  the  other  re- 
sources of  this  beautiful  valley,  of  its  rivers  and  fields, 
hills  and  valleys,  cities  and  villages,  and  of  its  climate. 
We  who  have  lived  here  know  that  these  resources  are 
so  versatile  that  one  who  Avill  stay  Avith  us  thirty  days 
is  indeed  hard  to  suit  it  he  cannot  in  that  time  find  the 
kind  he  wants. 

What  a  glorious  heritage  is  this!  Possessing  two 
hundred  and  ten  thousand  square  miles  —  a  greater 
area  than  France  or  the  German  Empire.  The  Ohio 
has  forty-four  hundred  miles  of  navigation.  Search 
the  globe  and  you  cannot  find  its  equal ;  precarious  as 
is  its  navigation  at  present  (subject  to  low  water  and 
ice),  yet  sixteen  million  tons  pass  over  it  yearly. 
What  its  commerce  would  be  when  raised  to  a  nine- 
foot  stage,  no  one  can  estimate.  When  this  is  accom- 
plished, and  the  New  York  and  Erie  and  Ohio  River 
canals  are  completed,  think  of  the  possibilities  of  four- 
teen feet  of  water  from  New  York  to  the  Ohio  River 
at  its  mouth.  It  takes  no  argument  to  show  us  that 
the  Ohio  River  must  be  put  in  shape  to  receive  this 
vast  addition  to  its  commerce. 

You  no  doubt  know  that  it  is  for  the  purpose  of 
commemorating  the  past  history  of  the  Ohio  Valley 
and  in  assisting  in  making  the  history  to  come  that 
the  Ohio  Valley  Historical  Society  has  been  called  into 
existence.  You  no  doubt  know  of  the  convention  of 
the  Ohio  River  Improvement  Association  that  was 

86 


held  at  Portsmouth  the  first  of  this  week.  The  object 
of  that  Society  has  been  to  increase  the  interest  and 
build  up  the  spirit  along  the  river  and  a  knowledge 
of  it;  the  great  aim  at  present  is  to  induce  Congress 
to  give  to  this  object  a  yearly  appropriation  on  the 
same  basis  as  that  made  to  the  Navy  —  not  a  regular 
one  annually  —  so  as  to  do  the  work  systematically. 
And  I  think  this  project  has  no  more  careful,  con- 
scientious or  better  qualified  representative  in  Con- 
gress than  the  Hon.  Theodore  C.  Burton,  chairman  of 
the  Rivers  and  Harbors  Committee.  He  met  with  our 
committee  not  long  ago  and  said:  "Go  home  and 
educate  your  people.  Tell  them  what  you  have  got. 
Congress  is  ready  to  give  you  what  you  want  and  what 
you  need,  but  the  people  Avill  not  ^stand'  for  the  appro- 
priation necessary." 

We  believe  that  the  people  of  the  Ohio  Valley  will 
not  only  "stand"  for  this  appropriation  but  that  they 
will  demand  it  as  their  right.  The  work  of  the  Ohio 
Valley  Commission  is  known  in  this  state.  Through 
the  efforts  of  Mr.  Burton  a  commission  of  United 
States  Engineers  was  appointed  a  year  ago ;  they  have 
made  a  survey  of  the  river  from  its  source  to  its  mouth 
and  have  tabulated  the  amount  of  business,  the  ton- 
nage passing  over  the  river.  This  is  not  a  mere  esti- 
mate, and  it  is  not  the  work  of  an  enthusiast,  but 
represents  actual  facts.  This  tabulation  is  about 
complete  and  I  am  told  today  that  its  result  will 
verify  the  claim  of  the  most  enthusiastic  friend  of  the 
Ohio  River  Improvement. 

What  a  spectacle  this  promise  affords.  And  when 
that  other  great  work,  the  Panama  canal,  is  completed, 
and  there  is  nine  feet  of  water  every  day  in  the  year 
from  Pittsburg  to  Cairo,  what  may  we  not  anticipate? 
At  the  last  annual  meeting  of  the  Ohio  Valley  Im- 

87 


provement  Association  at  Cairo  a  year  ago,  some  one 
said  that  when  the  Ohio  river  has  a  nine-foot  stage 
from  Pittsburg  to  Cairo  and  when  the  Panama  Canal 
is  completed,  there  should  be  at  Cairo,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  river,  a  great  statue  with  three  faces.  One 
g  faould  point  up  the  Mississippi ;  there  are  your  grain- 
aries  with  a  capacity  of  eighty  thousand  barrels  of 
flour  a  day,  enough  to  feed  twenty  millions  of  people; 
the  other  up  the  Ohio  to  your  workshops  from  Pitts- 
burg to  Cairo,  seven  hundred  miles  long,  the  greatest 
in  the  world ;  the  other  down  the  Mississippi  —  there 
are  your  markets,  the  world  for  a  market,  on  God^s 
highway,  unbroken  from  river  to  sea. 


THE  HOME  OF  THE  PIONEEKS  —  MARIETTA 


A.  D.  Follett,  Esq. 


Mr.  Toastmaster,  Gentlemen:  I  am  not  one  of 
those  to  whom  the  Vice  President  has  referred,  who 
had  the  good  fortune  to  leave  Marietta  as  my  old 
friend  Charlie  Dawes  has,  and  in  a  distant  state  ac- 
quire fame  and  fortune.  I  have  not  yet  had  the  op- 
portunity, because  I  have  not  yet  left  the  state  to 
become  a  leader  in  frenzied  finance  or  any  other  form 
of  finance.  But  I  promise  you  if  ever  Charlie  Dawes 
comes  back  here  to  celebrate  his  centennial,  I  will 
come  from  some  distant  state  with  some  fortune, 
and  I  hope  a  little  fame,  and  on  that  occasion  I  will 
be  glad  to  receive  some  little  of  the  glory  and  eulogy 
that  he  has  received  here  tonight  at  the  hands  of  the 
chief  of  the  Northwest  Territory. 

My  toast  is  one  that  deals  not  in  bouquets  for  the 
buds,  not  even  in  boutonnieres  for  the  matrons,  but 
to  some  extent  in  flowers  for  the  dead.     Every  com- 

88 


THE   CAMPUS   MARTIUS 


munity,  like  every  plant,  like  every  animal,  is  a 
growth;  every  community  has  its  germinal  origin  as 
well  as  its  environment;  its  seed  as  well  as  its  soil; 
and  our  dear  old  Marietta  is  most  fortunate  in  both 
of  the  great  forces  which  make  first  for  the  creation 
and  then  for  the  development  and  propagation  of  com- 
munity life.  Nature  has  given  us  our  beautiful  com- 
merce bearing  rivers.  Nature  has  given  us  our  fertile 
soil  in  the  valleys.  Nature  has  placed  the  hidden  min- 
eral wealth  under  the  soil.  It  is  true  that  Nature, 
with  her  accustomed  fickleness,  is  sometimes  dis- 
posed to  treat  us  rather  diffidently  and  coyly  in  the 
matter  of  rivers.  It  is  true  that  on  some  occasions 
a  good  sized  steam  boat  will  kick  up  considerable 
dust  in  the  Ohio  River;  and  it  is  true  that  on  other 
occasions  she  gives  us  an  amount  of  water  slightly 
in  excess  of  our  needs.  But  as  to  the  first,  we  are 
now  endeavoring,  as  Col.  Putnam  has  told  you,  to 
harness  the  river  within  movable  dams,  and  so  far 
as  the  surplusage  is  concerned,  we  cheerfully  pass 
it  on  to  our  friends  from  Parkersburg. 

I  might  add  in  the  matter  of  movable  dams,  that 
the  particular  pride  and  pet  dam  of  our  beautiful 
city  of  Marietta,  dam  No.  18,  is  the  most  extraor- 
dinary movable  dam  in  the  Ohio  River;  for  we  all 
remember  about  three  or  four  years  ago,  how  between 
one  night  and  another  —  or  rather  between  one  day 
and  another  —  when  the  good  people  of  Marietta,  like 
all  good  citizens,  were  quietly  at  rest  and  at  peace 
in  their  homes  and  in  their  beds,  our  friends  from 
Parkersburg,  without  warning  to  us,  moved  our  dam 
No.  18  about  four  miles  down  the  river,  and  we  never 
yet  have  been  able  to  move  it  back;  and  of  all  the 
movable  dams  in  history,  dam  No.  18  will  certainly 
ever  bear  the  palm. 

89 


Not  only  have  we  this  natural  heritage  in  Marietta, 
but  in  what  I  have  called  the  seed  of  Marietta,  we 
have  the  most  noble  seed  from  which  a  community 
could  ever  spring. 

Born  of  the  necessities  of  needy  and  impoverished 
officers  and  soldiers,  we  have  in  our  forebears  a  per- 
sonnel which  the  great  Washington  declared  to  be  the 
best  body  of  men  that  ever  undertook  the  settlement 
of  a  new  country 

Born  of  the  wisdom  and  experience  of  the  leaders 
of  those  men,  we  have  that  splendid  body  of  men  com- 
ing out  into  Ohio  and  settling  at  Marietta  under 
the  statute  which  is  the  Magna  Charta  of  the  North- 
west—  the  charter  of  freedom  and  education,  the 
great  statute  whose  wisdom  has  challenged  the  admir- 
ation and  commanded  the  regard  of  every  publicist 
and  historian.  Under  these  circumstances,  with  this 
magnificent  body  of  men,  operating  under  a  statute 
w^hich  guarantees  the  right  of  conscience,  guarantees 
education,  guarantees  freedom  in  all  respects.  Mari- 
etta was  originally  settled.  And  my  theme  here  to- 
night is  Marietta,  the  Home  of  the  Pioneers.  The 
home  of  the  Pioneers,  I  take  it  my  friends,  not  in 
the  mere  sense  that  Marietta  is  the  place  where  the 
Pioneers  lived,  not  merely  in  the  sense  that  Marietta 
was  the  spot  in  which  their  lives  spent  themselves, 
and  where  their  bodies  are  buried,  but  the  home  of 
the  Pioneers  in  a  higher  sense,  in  a  truer  sense,  in  what 
I  believe  is  the  actual  situation.  Marietta  today,  the 
home  where  the  Pioneers  are  today  living  through 
their  descendants  and  their  successors,  who  have  not 
only  revered  their  memory  but  are  striving  to  carry 
out  their  principles. 

Marietta  is  particularly  a  city  of  homes.     If  there 
is  one  thing  of  which  Mariettans  are  proud  above 

90 


all  others,  it  is  that  Marietta  is  preeminently  the 
place  of  homes,  homes  not  of  luxury,  but  homes  in 
everything  that  goes  to  make  up  all  that  is  sacred  in 
life,  the  home  that  is  the  heart  and  soul  of  the  indi- 
vidual. As  the  strangers  in  our  midst  go  about  our 
streets  they  will  find  our  broad,  well-laid  out  streets 
and  broad  squares,  they  will  find  the  parks  and 
public  squares  which  the  foresight  of  our  ancestors 
provided  for  us;  and  much  of  the  beauty  of  our  town 
today  is  in  these  arcaded  streets.  As  you  go  about 
the  city  you  will  find  but  few  residences  of  luxury; 
but  go  through  our  city  where  the  workingmen  live, 
the  day  laborer,  and  you  Avill  find  no  squalid  homes, 
you  will  find  however  humble  they  may  be,  well-kept 
yards,  neat  and  clean;  you  will  find  our  workingmen 
owning  lawn  mowers  that  trim  the  grass;  you  will 
find  them  sprinkling  the  lawns  in  the  heat  of  the 
summer,  and  you  will  find  that  Marietta  is  everywhere 
and  under  all  circumstances  a  city  of  homes  and  home 
makers. 

This  to  some  extent  at  least  is  due  to  our  Pioneer 
ancestors.  To  our  Pioneer  ancestors  in  some  degree 
at  least,  if  not  in  large  degree,  I  think  we  owe  that 
Marietta  pluck  which  makes  a  Marietta  man  face  all 
comers  and  willing  to  meet  all  men,  man  to  man;  at 
least  it  has  demonstrated  itself  so  nobly  today,  when 
Marietta  College  with  one  hundred  and  fifty  boys  to 
draw  from,  met  and  defeated  an  institution  which 
numbers  its  men  by  hundreds.  That  same  pluck  that 
characterized  our  Pioneer  ancestors  is  in  Marietta 
boys  and  in  Marietta  College  students  of  today  and 
is  perhaps  one  of  the  most  valuable  inheritances  which 
Marietta  has  from  her  Pioneer  forebears. 

But  the  great  and  crowning  heritage  which  our 
Pioneer  ancestors  left  to  us  is  the  one  supreme  quality 

91 


of  their  characters  and  their  lives.  If  one  thing  above 
another  characterized  those  Pioneers  in  those  early 
days,  it  was  this:  that  they  feared  God,  and  did  not 
fear  man.  They  came  of  that  old  stock  which  fled 
from  England  to  Holland,  then  came  from  Holland  to 
this  country,  in  order  that  they  might  find  a  place 
where  they  could  fear  God  and  not  fear  man. 

In  their  lives  and  in  the  teachings  of  those  men 
can  be  found  above  all  others,  if  you  search  their 
records,  humility  before  God,  and  courage  and  tenac- 
ity toward  all  else. 

This  was  the  supreme  legacy  that  they  have  given 
to  Marietta  today.  A  heritage  which  we  have,  of 
course,  in  common  with  our  fellow  citizens  of  the 
Northwest  Territory. 

Time  will  not  permit  me  with  the  presence  of  so 
many  distinguished  strangers  whom  you  would  so 
much  rather  hear  than  one  whose  voice  doubtless  you 
have  heard  too  often,  to  go  into  details  trying  to  relate 
to  you  what  you  already  know  of  the  great  debt  we 
owe  our  Eevolutionary  and  Pioneer  ancestry;  and  I 
will  close  what  I  have  to  say,  by  proposing  one  toast 
under  the  subject  assigned  me  to  respond  to,  and  that 
is  this: 

Marietta,  the  Home  of  the  Pioneers,  and  the  Pioneer 
of  millions  of  happy  homes  in  many  states :  may  she 
ever  revere  and  follow  the  courage,  the  enterprise,  the 
industry,  the  pluck,  the  faith  in  God  and  faith  in 
one's  self,  which  characterized  her  Pioneer  ancestors. 


LOSANTIVILLE  —  THE  SISTER  SETTLEMENT 


Hon.  Nicholas  Longworth 


Mr.  Chairman,  Gentlemen:  The  highest  compli- 
ment that  I  have  ever  heard  paid  to  Cincinnati,  is 
that  we  have  been  able  to  buncoe  Dawes. 


92 


You  citizens  of  Marietta  have  much  to  congt»atu- 
late  yourselves  upon  today.  I  have  never  in  my  life 
seen  a  more  impressive  sight  than  was  the  dedication 
of  that  tablet  today.  I  never  heard  better  or  more 
eloquent  speeches  on  such  an  occasion  than  were  de- 
livered there  today.  You  are  especially  to  be  congrat- 
ulated upon  the  fact  of  having  heard  twice  today 
from  the  Vice  President  of  the  United  States;  and 
more  than  all  you  are  to  be  congratulated  upon  the 
fact  that  the  Vice  President  took  this  particular  oc- 
casion for  the  first  time  that  I  know  of  so  far,  to 
make  oflScial  announcement  of  his  candidacy. 

He  did  say  in  a  faint  whisper  at  the  end  of  his 
sentence,  that  it  was  another  invitation  to  come  to 
Marietta,  but  I  think  that  was  a  bluff. 

Gentlemen,  I  am  here  tonight  under  slightly  false 
pretenses  as  being  down  for  a  regular  toast.  I  did 
not  know  what  my  toast  was  to  be  until  this  after- 
noon. My  colleague,  Mr.  Cole,  did  not  know  either; 
but  he  did  not  labor  under  the  difficulty  that  I  usu- 
ally have,  in  that  I  like  to  have  something  to  talk 
about  and  know  about  it  before.  When  Mr.  Cole 
was  told  by  Congressman  Dawes  this  afternoon,  that 
he  was  down  for  the  toast  of  General  Putnam,  Mr. 
Dawes  in  a  friendly  way  began  to  tell  him  something 
about  who  Putnam  was,  and  Cole  said,  "Oh  you 
needn't  do  that.  The  less  I  know  about  him  the  better 
speech  I  can  make." 

Mr.  Cole,  you  will  shortly  find,  is  what  we  know 
as  a  "born  orator."  We  were  colleagues  in  the  Ohio 
State  Legislature  and  I  remember  very  well  the  first 
time  that  Cole  got  upon  his  feet  to  make  a  speech.  I 
don't  remember  what  the  subject  was  but  that  has 
nothing  to  do  with  it,  because  Cole  made  a  wonder- 
fully eloquent  speech.  He  brought  in  the  history  of 
the  world,  art,  literature  and  music.     He  spoke  about 

93 


the  silver  lining  of  the  clouds.  I  was  sitting  next 
to  a  member  of  the  Legislature  who  had  heard  Cole 
speak  before.  He  said:  "That  is  magnificent." 
"Yes/'  I  said,  "but,  what  is  he  talking  about?''  He 
said  that  Cole  was  one  of  the  born  orators.  I  said, 
"What  do  you  mean  by  that?"  He  said,  "An  ordin- 
ary plain  man  like  you  and  myself  for  instance,  would 
say  two  and  two  make  four;  but  a  born  orator  would 
not  say  that.  He  would  say,  ^My  friends  and  fellow 
citizens :  When  in  the  course  of  human  events  it  be- 
comes necessary  to  coalesce  two  integers  with  two 
more  integers,  the  result,  my  friends  —  and  I  say  it 
without  fear  or  favor  —  is  four.'  " 

I  may  have  digressed  from  my  Toast  out  of  en- 
thusiasm for  the  oratory  of  my  friend  Cole. 

Losantiville :  the  name  Losantiville  illustrated  even 
in  those  early  days  the  great  education  of  the  people 
of  Cincinnati.  It  is  derived  from  three  different  lan- 
guages. The  first  syllable  is  Greek,  the  second  Latin, 
and  the  third  French.  It  simply  illustrates  the  won- 
derful versatility  that  we  have  got  there. 

The  poem  that  is  attached  to  my  toast  might  give 
you  a  wrong  impression  of  Cincinnati  as  it  is  today. 
Longfellow  in  his  poem,  which  was  dedicated  to  Ca- 
tawba wine  which  was  a  production  of  Cincinnati 
in  those  days,  spoke  of  the  "Queen  of  the  West 
in  her  garlands  dressed  on  the  banks  of  the  Beau- 
tiful Eiver."  Air  those  are  gone  now,  and  instead 
of  making  wine  we  produce  beer. 

The  real  reason  for  this  production  of  beer  is  that 
my  great  grandfather  who  invented  Catawba  wine, 
sent  over  to  the  Rhine  country  in  order  to  get  men 
who  understood  grape  culture  to  come  to  Cincinnati. 
That  was  really  the  beginning  of  the  great  German 
immigration  to  Cincinnati. 

94 


I  might  pause  to  say  that  one  of  the  reasons 
of  Cincinnati's  great  financial  strength  and  security 
is  the  German  immigrant  that  has  come  there.  But 
we  have  not  been  able  to  keep  up  the  culture  of  the 
grape,  and  that  German  element  that  came  there 
took  up  the  next  best  thing. 

There  is  one  thing  in  which  we  sisters  of  Marietta 
and  Losantiville  are  interested  in  as  Colonel  Putnam 
has  well  said  just  now.  We  are  interested  in  making 
the  Ohio  a  navigable  stream  at  all  stages.  We  don't 
want  to  have  our  steamboats  kick  up  a  dust ;  we  want 
a  nine  foot  stage  and  I  am  one  of  those  members  of 
Congress,  and  your  Congressman  Dawes  here  is 
another,  that  are  never  going  to  let  up  so  long  as  we 
are  in  Congress,  until  we  get  it. 

I  believe  it  would  be  only  fair  in  what  is  known 
as  congressional  etiquette,  having  told  something 
about  my  colleague  to  relate  one  on  myself,  when  I 
once  had  to  make  a  speech  on  a  subject  on  which 
I  was  about  as  unprepared  as  I  am  tonight. 

It  happened  when  I  was  chairman  of  the  Republican 
Speakers  Bureau  and  in  the  Legislature  that  was 
to  elect  your  old  colleague.  Senator  Hanna,  to  the 
■  Senate. 

I  had  not  had  an  opportunity  of  seeing  the  senator 
for  some  time.  One  morning  we  hurried  away  from 
Columbus  at  six  o'clock  in  the  morning,  and  went 
aboard  his  car.  He  had  not  yet  arisen  and  was  in 
fact,  robed  in  a  pair  of  pink  silk  pajamas.  At  Newark 
a  large  crowd  gathered  on  the  platform  and  shouted 
for  Hanna.  Pink  silk  pajamas  are  not  the  garb  a 
man  would  like  to  address  his  fellow  citizens  in.  He 
said  "You  must  go."  I  will  tell  you  my  friends,  that 
at  seven  in  the  morning  I  am  even  less  eloquent 
than  I  am  at  nine  in  the  evening,  but  I  was  pushed 

95 


out  on  the  platform.  I  had  to  say  something,  so  I 
said  —  "My  fellow  citizens !"  About  that  time  an 
express  train  came  in  and  I  was  compelled  to  stop 
and  when  the  train  had  gone  by  on  the  Big  Four 
track,  I  again  took  up  the  thread  of  my  argument  — 
"Fellow  citizens !"  A  switch  engine  backed  up  on  the 
B.  &  O.  tracks  and  began  to  let  off  steam.  I  was 
again  compelled  to  pause  for  applause,  and  after  it 
seemed  to  me  ten  minutes,  that  engine  went  away. 
I  again  began  and  had  spoken  perhaps  ten  words 
when  a  freight  train  came  along  on  the  Pennsylvania 
track  and  if  it  was  one  inch  long  it  was  a  mile,  it 
seemed  to  me,  and  it  was  bumping  over  the  ties 
so  I  could  hardly  hear  myself  think.  When  it  fin- 
ally got  by,  in  distress  I  threw  up  my  hands  and 
said:  "My  fellow  citizens"  again.  "You  can  see  it 
is  useless  for  me  to  try  to  uplift  my  voice  against 
this  great  roar  of  Republican  prosperity.''  That 
sounded  pretty  good  to  me,  but  there  was  a  man  in 
the  very  back  of  the  crowd  that  had  a  voice  like  a 
saw.  He  said  "Ah,  go  on.  That  was  a  train  of 
empties.'' 

I  am  not  going  to  unload  any  more  empties  upon 
this  audience. 


RUFUS  PUTNAM  —  FATHER  OF  OHIO 


Hon.  Ralph  Cole,  of  Findlay 


Mr.  Toastmaster,  Vice  President  and  Gentlemen: 
No  one  ever  doubted  the  versatility  of  the  gentleman 
from  the  great  city  of  Cincinnati.  There  are  many 
lines  in  which  my  distinguished  colleague  excels,  but 
only  one  in  which  he  demands  that  he  shall  have  no 
superior,  and  that  is  in  his  standing  socially  and 


among  the  ladies. 


96 


I  make  this  statement  as  prefacing  the  part  which 
he  has  already  told  you  of  me  in  the  Ohio  Legis- 
lature. It  was  in  1902.  A  great  bevy  of  beautiful 
maidens  from  the  City  of  Cleveland,  Ohio,  came  to 
Columbus  to  secure  the  passage  of  a  pension  bill  for 
school  teachers.  The  honorable  gentleman  from  Cin- 
cinnati was  attempting  to  shine  among  those  ladies, 
but  they  came  to  me  and  asked  me  to  make  a  speech 
on  that  bill.  Speak?  Had  I  been  dumb  and  tongue- 
less  I  could  not  have  maintained  my  silence!  And 
even  though  uninformed  of  the  merits  of  the  measure, 
I  essayed  speech,  and  in  order  to  impress  the  benefi- 
cence of  the  school  teacher  upon  the  public  I  related 
an  incident  that  occurred  when  I  was  out  in  the  state 
of  Utah.  I  went  to  the  tabernacle  of  the  Mormons, 
entered  and  stood  upon  the  platform.  There  was  an 
elder  of  the  Mormon  faith,  tall  and  angular,  his  beard 
descending  swept  his  aged  breast.  He  said:  "I  pre- 
sume you  are  from  the  East?" 

I  said  "Yes,  from  Ohio,  and  I  came  here  to  see  the 
tabernacle.''  He  told  me  to  go  to  the  other  end  of  the 
building.  He  took  a  pin  from  his  robe  and  allowed 
it  to  descend  upon  the  table,  and  I  heard  it  two 
hundred  and  seventy-five  feet  away  as  distinctly  as  if 
I  stood  by  his  side. 

He  rubbed  his  soft  velvety  hands,  and  it  seemed 
to  fill  every  crevice  in  the  magnificent  auditorium. 
He  said  "You  say  you  are  from  Ohio?"  "Yes."  "You 
are  probably  educated  in  some  of  the  great  schools 
there?"  "Yes."  I  told  him,  "I  was  graduated 
from  two  and  only  possessed  one  regret,  that 
I  did  not  have  a  diploma  from  the  great 
university  at  Marietta,  Ohio."  "I  presume  you 
are  educated  in  music?"  I  confessed  that  I  had 
been  taught  everything  from  chemistry  to  harmony. 

97 


He  told  me  to  render  a  selection  upon  the  organ. 
I  faced  about.  There  was  an  organ  thirty-five  feet 
high,  forty-five  feet  wide  and  containing  two  thousand 
nine  hundred  and  forty-six  pipes,  ranging  from  three 
quarters  of  an  inch  to  forty-five  feet  in  length.  It 
looked  about  as  big  to  me  as  the  adjoining  mountains. 
He  said  "I  would  like  to  hear  you  play  a  selection  on 
that  organ."  I  ascended  the  rostrum  and  took  my 
place  upon  the  great  stool  and  as  I  thought,  very  grace- 
fully rippled  my  fingers  up  and  down  the  ivory  keys. 
Suddenly  there  burst  forth  a  confusion  of  sounds, 
wonderful  sounds,  which  chased  each  other  around 
the  room,  in  promiscuous  confusion,  until  at  last 
disgusted  with  themselves  they  threw  themselves 
against  the  wall  and  crashed  down  in  wailing,  miser- 
able confusion.  I  turned  and  fled  from  the  building. 
The  next  Sabbath  I  was  seated  in  the  Tabernacle  with 
ten  thousand  people.  A  skilled  player  crossed  the 
room  and  took  her  place  upon  the  stool  and  very 
gracefully  swept  her  fingers  up  and  down  the  keys.  A 
smooth  sweet  sound,  silvery  and  soft  as  the  falling 
of  the  feathery  snow,  as  the  shadows  in  the  eventide, 
then  rolled  away.  Louder  and  louder  grew  the 
anthem,  stronger  and  stronger  swelled  the  chorus  and 
when  the  full  diapason  rose  the  whole  tabernacle 
seemed  to  waken  and  throb  and  vibrate  with  the  har- 
mony. The  great  tones  lingered  a  few  minutes,  in 
sweetest  echoes,  then  passed  into  the  mysterious  land 
of  mystery  from  whence  they  came. 

I  had  scored  my  point  against  the  gentleman  from 
Cincinnati,  and  ever  since  that  time  every  time  he 
has  an  opportunity  to  score  me  upon  that  speech  he 
has  enjoyed  it. 

The  subject  assigned  me  is  Rufus  Putnam.  I  am 
not  like  my  friend  from  Cincinnati.     I  said  over  at 

98 


Findlay,  "How  long  do  you  talk?''  He  said  "That  all 
depends.  If  I  am  pretty  well  posted  on  my  subject,  a 
half  hour;  not  very  well,  two  hours;  and  if  I  know 
nothing  whatever,  I  can  talk  indefinitely." 

I  am  not  familiar  with  the  details  of  the  life  of 
Rufus  Putnam.  I  only  know  him  from  what  I  have 
seen  in  our  common  history.  I  know  that  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Putnam  family  of  the  Revolutionary 
period.  I  know  that  he  was  one  of  the  patriots  that 
came  to  the  state  of  Ohio  and  settled  with  the  pioneers 
and  if  there  is  one  character  in  American  history  that 
deserves  credit,  I  was  going  to  say  above  all  others, 
it  is  the  pioneers  that  settled  in  the  valleys  and  upon 
the  hills  of  the  state  of  Ohio.  They  came,  and  as  if  by 
magic  the  wilderness  disappeared.  The  rivers  were 
traversed,  the  mountains  were  tunneled,  railroads 
and  canals  were  constructed,  and  from  the  wilderness 
they  carved  their  first  city,  made  history,  founded  a 
state  whose  light  has  gone  forth  to  the  ends  of  the 
earth  and  kindled  the  fires  of  patriotism  on  the  altar 
of  the  nation. 

And  from  that  time  to  this  Ohio  has  been  march- 
ing in  the  van  of  American  progress,  and  today  when 
we  contemplate  the  citizenship  inspired  by  the  purest 
motives  of  patriotism  I  instinctively  turn  to  that 
grandest  part  of  the  nation's  horizon  resplendent  with 
the  names  of  Harrison,  Hayes,  Giddings,  Garfield, 
Hanna  and  McKinley;  and  tonight  standing  in  this 
presence  in  view  of  the  masterly  consecutive  orations 
we  have  listened  to  today  and  the  high  character  and 
splendid  ability  of  that  gentleman,  I  am  constrained 
to  place  in  that  galaxy  of  Ohio's  great  orators,  the 
name  of  the  Vice  President  of  the  United  States, 
Charles  W.  Fairbanks. 
Now,  my  friends,  I  simply  rose  to  greet  you  tonight 

99 


and  to  say  that  I  appreciate  being  in  your  city  today. 
The  present  generation  is  going  to  remain  true  to  the 
lofty  ideals  and  examples  of  these  splendid  men  that 
have  gone  on  before.  Where  is  the  young  man  in  the 
city  of  Marietta  today — where  is  the  young  man  in  the 
State  of  Ohio  whose  heart  does  not  thrill  when  he 
speaks  the  names  of  Manasseh  Cutler  and  Rufus  Put- 
nam. 

These  must  keep  us  true  to  the  flag,  these  must 
keep  us  true  to  the  highest  ideals  of  American  citizen- 
ship. 

Our  constitutional  form  of  government  which  pro- 
motes highest  citizenship  in  every  part  of  our  national 
life  but  emphasizes  the  superiority  of  Anglo-Saxon 
citizens. 

The  contest  between  the  Republican  and  monar- 
chial  form  of  government  is  still  being  waged,  and 
it  is  in  your  hands  as  men,  to  see  that  in  this  contest 
between  Despotism  and  Democracy  the  flag  of  the 
American  Republic  shall  be  supreme. 

I  am  going  to  relate  a  certain  incident  and  close. 
It  Avas  at  the  battlefield  of  Chickamauga.  A  certain 
regiment  had  been  placed  to  battle  on  the  heights. 
They  had  started  on  their  march,  but  for  some  un- 
known reason  a  retreat  was  ordered.  But  the  stand- 
ard bearer,  not  hearing  the  signal  and  execution  of 
the  order,  took  his  flag,  went  up  the  mountain  side 
and  planted  it  in  the  very  mouth  of  the  enemies' 
cannon,  turned  about  and  saw  in  the  valley  beneath 
the  men  crying :  "Bring  down  that  flag  to  the  men.'' 
There  he  stood  defiant  of  danger,  and  said:  "Bring 
down  that  flag  to  the  men?  Never!  Bring  up  the  men 
to  the  flag !"  So,  my  fellow-citizens  you  young  in  years 
upon  whom  this  mighty  contest  has  descended,  you, 
king  crowned  youth,  you  in  your  faith  in  the  ultimate 

100 


triumph  of  the  eternal  right,  remember  that  in  this 
Republic  never  bring  down  the  flag  to  the  civilization 
but  with  implicit  faith  in  the  God  of  our  fathers  let 
us  raise  the  civilization  up  to  the  level  of  the  flag 
where  Rufus  Putnam,  Manasseh  Cutler  and  the 
heroes  of  the  Revolution  and  Civil  wars  have  placed 
it. 


THE  TWIN  CITIES  ON  THE  OHIO 


Hon.  Charles  W.  Archbold 


I  am  happy  in  having  assigned  to  me  as  the  theme 
for  a  few  remarks  this  evening,  "The  Twin  Cities  on 
the  Ohio,''  meaning  of  course  Marietta  and  Parkers- 
burg.  The  latter  of  these  cities  has  furnished  me  a 
pleasant  home  for  many  years  and  with  the  former 
I  am  connected  by  strong  ties  extending  back  to  the 
time  of  the  arrival  of  the  "Immortal  48"  in  the 
spring  of  1788.  In  welcoming  the  delegates  of  the 
Ohio  Conference  of  Charities  and  Correction  a  few 
weeks  since  President  Perry  expressed  regret  that  he 
could  not  lay  claim  to  an  ancestor  in  the  goodly  com- 
pany that  arrived  at  the  mouth  of  the  Muskingum  118 
years  ago  —  on  what  he  appropriately  called  the 
Second  Mayflower.  I  am  more  fortunate  than  he  in 
that  respect  as  I  am  proud  to  claim  a  handsome  and 
talented  gentleman  —  a  Revolutionary  soldier  —  who 
arrived  with  that  historic  party  —  as  a  great  grand- 
father. I  refer  to  the  Hon.  Peregrine  Foster  —  one 
of  the  first  judges  of  Washington  County  —  a  picture 
of  whom  hangs  in  the  Relic  Room  in  this  city.  About 
three  months  later  another  great  grand-father  —  also 
a  Revolutionary  soldier  —  Capt.  William  Dana,  ar- 
rived to  join  the  new  settlement.  This  honored 
ancestor  has  many  descendants  bearing  his  name  in 

101 


this  valley  —  one  of  whom,  the  Hon.  Chas.  S.  Dana, 
of  this  city,  presided  with  fine  courtesy  and  dignity 
at  the  unveiling  exercises  on  the  campus  this  after- 
noon. As  much  is  being  said  about  the  fore-fathers 
on  this  occasion  I  feel  like  referring  to  at  least  one 
fore-mother  —  the  wife  of  Capt.  Wm.  Dana.  She 
had  a  diminutive  body,  and  is  spoken  of  by  her  affec- 
tionate descendants  as  "little  Mary  Bancroft"  —  the 
latter  being  her  maiden  name.  She  possessed  a  great 
soul  and  a  cheerful  spirit.  She  used  to  write  to  her 
father  in  Massachusetts,  always  addressing  him  as 
"Honored  Sir"  (Dear  Papa,  would  not  have  an- 
swered at  all  in  those  simple  but  strenuous  days). 
She  was  always  cheerful  and  hopeful,  looking  for  the 
good  time  coming  —  although  she  often  found  herself 
in  straits  to  provide  food  and  clothing  for  her  family 
of  eleven  children,  and  their  safety  was  often  menaced 
by  the  Indians.  The  record  is  that  at  one  time  the 
little  colony  of  which  these  ancestors  formed  a  part 
lived  for  a  time  almost  altogether  on  greens  ( pursley 
at  that),  until  other  food  could  be  provided. 

I  speak  of  these  ancestors  with  great  pride  and 
think  it  only  just  that  while  lauding  the  fore-fathers, 
we  should  not  forget  the  fore-mothers.  I  am  sure  I 
will  be  excused  for  mentioning  these  ancestors  as 
they  were  doubtless  typical  of  the  colony  of  which 
they  formed  a  part. 

And  now  what  shall  we  say  of  the  "Twin  Cities" 
up-to-date.  Recalling  the  parlance  much  in  vogue 
when  Mr.  Cleveland  ran  for  the  presidency  the  second 
time,  if  you  were  to  ask  me,  "What's  the  matter  with 
Marietta?"  and  "What's  the  matter  with  Parkers- 
burg?"  I  should  be  compelled  to  answer,  "Oh,  they're 
all  right!"  No  doubt  if  President  Perry  and  myself 
were  to  make  a  careful  analysis  of  the  situation  we 
might  conclude  that  it  would  be  well  to  eliminate 

102 


from  these  twin  cities  a  good  many  saloons  and  gamb- 
ling houses  and  other  places  of  evil  resort  —  and  we 
shall  continue  to  hope  for  the  good  time  coming  when 
they  will  be  eliminated.  In  the  mean  time  as  towns 
go,  these  are  good  towns,  and  the  citizens  thereof  are 
indeed  "citizens  of  no  mean  cities."  In  closing  I  can 
perhaps  utter  no  better  wish  on  behalf  of  Marietta 
and  Parkersburg  than  that  they  may  grow  in  (civic) 
grace  and  in  (civic)  righteousness  until  they  have 
become  models  among  the  smaller  cities  of  our  great 
country. 


MARIETTA  COLLEGE  —  CUSTODIAN  OF 
HISTORY 


Thomas  H.  Kelley,  Esq. 


Mr.  Toastmaster  —  The  bronze  tablet  unveiled  on 
the  College  Campus  this  afternoon  commemorates 
among  other  things  the  first  permanent  settlement  in 
the  Northwest  Territory.  We  are  treading  upon  his- 
toric ground.  Here  the  intrepid  Putnam  came  ashore 
in  1788,  and  as  he  led  his  immortal  band  up  the  bank 
of  yonder  Muskingum  and  assumed  dominion  over 
these  lands,  the  sun  began  to  sink  upon  the  fortunes 
of  a  race  which  for  centuries  had  acknowledged  no 
superior.  With  the  decline  of  the  red  man's  suprem- 
acy came  the  dawn  of  the  white  man's  reign.  An 
imperial  domain  awaited  his  coming.  An  epoch  in 
our  country's  expansion  began  at  this  point  —  the 
first  in  our  history. 

When  the  thirteen  guns  pealed  forth  from  Fort 
Harmar  across  the  river  at  sunrise  on  the  Fourth  of 
July,  1788,  and  saluted  the  Stars  and  Stripes,  it  was 
notice  to  the  world  that  civilization  had  broken  across 

103 


the  Alleghenies  and  was  in  possession  of  the  fairest 
portion  of  our  broad  land,  and  that  the  frontier  had 
been  forced  westward  by  the  stroke  of  a  pen  from  the 
banks  of  the  Ohio  to  the  shores  of  the  Mississippi.  It 
was  in  July  1788  that  General  Arthur  St.  Clair  came 
here  bearing  a  commission  from  the  Congress  of  the 
United  States  as  Governor  of  the  Northwest  Territory 
and  upon  this  spot  set  up  a  civil  government  and 
made  Marietta  the  capital  of  the  territory. 

The  great  ordinance  of  1787  had  passed  the  Con- 
gress on  the  13th  day  of  July  previous  and  General 
Putnam  came  here  fully  pledged  to  carry  out  the  pro- 
visions of  its  third  article,  and  especially  the  declar- 
ation which  accompanies  this  toast  that 

"Religion,  morality,  and  knowledge'  being  necessary 
to  good  government  and  the  happiness  of  mankind, 
schools  and  the  means  of  education  shall  forever  be 
encouraged." 

The  blood  of  Putnam  and  his  followers  and  their 
descendants  has  ever  been  consecrated  to  the  cause  of 
education,  and  the  wilderness  which  they  found  here 
peopled  with  savages  at  every  turn,  was  not  long 
without  its  little  school  houses.  The  people  of  this 
community  devoted  as  they  are  to  religion  and  moral- 
ity, have  not  worshiped  their  Creator  with  more  con- 
sistency and  zeal  than  they  have  encouraged  schools 
and  the  means  of  education.  Through  the  influence 
of  Manasseh  Cutler  practical  expression  was  given  to 
the  declaration  in  the  great  ordinance  of  1787  in  favor 
of  "Keligion,  morality  and  knowledge^'  when  the  con- 
tract with  the  Ohio  Company  was  written.  In  that 
document,  two  full  townships  of  land  were  reserved 
for  the  benefit  of  a  university,  and  one  full  section  in 
every  township  was  given  perpetually  for  the  support 
of  schools  in  the  township,  and  another  full  section 
was  given  in  like  manner  for  the  support  of  religion. 

104 


THK  RUFUS  PUTNAM  HOUSE 

Built  within  the  stockade.  1788 


MUSKINGUM    ACADEMY 


For  the  first  ten  years  of  her  existence  the  teachers 
in  the  schools  of  Marietta  were  supported  jointly  by 
the  Ohio  Company  and  the  parents  of  the  pupils.  In 
1797,  an  academy  was  founded  but  it  was  not  opened 
until  1800.     Dr.  Hildreth  says  of  this  academy: 

"This  was  doubtless  the  first  structure  of  its  kind  in 
Ohio,  it  having  been  commenced  two  years  after  the 
Indian  War,  when  few  improvements  had  been  made  in 
the  cultivation  of  the  soil,  and  the  people  were  poor,  but 
the  wisdom  and  good  sense  of  the  descendants  of  the 
Puritans  led  them  to  see  that  instruction  in  religion  and 
learning  was  really  necessary  for  the  welfare  of  society." 

Muskingum  Academy  was  followed  by  the  Institute 
of  Education  established  in  1830.  The  high  school  of 
this  Institute  was  chartered  in  1833  as  the  "Marietta 
Collegiate  Institute  and  Western  Teachers  Semin- 
ary." In  1835,  Marietta  College  was  chartered  and 
ever  since  its  foundation  has  been  richly  blessed  in 
the  influence  and  material  aid  which  has  constantly 
come  to  it  from  the  descendants  of  the  men  who  came 
here  as  the  representatives  of  the  Ohio  Company.  One 
can  not  touch  upon  matters  educational  in  Ohio  with- 
out calling  up  the  name  of  Putnam.  It  was  General 
Rufus  Putnam  who  presided  at  the  first  meeting  in 
1797  called  to  prepare  a  plan  of  a  house  suitable  for 
the  instruction  of  youth  and  religious  exercises,  and 
out  of  which  meeting  Muskingum  Academy  came. 
David  Putnam,  a  graduate  of  Yale,  was  the  first 
teacher  in  this  Academy  in  1800.  Douglas  Putnam 
was  secretary  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  Marietta 
College  from  the  time  of  its  incorporation  in  1835, 
until  his  death  fifty-nine  years  later.  The  Board  of 
Trustees  of  the  College  has  never  since  its  organiza- 
tion been  without  one  or  more  Putnams,  and  thus  con- 
tinuous personal  connection  with  the  pioneers  of  the 
Ohio  Company  has  been  kept  up. 

The  authentic  history  of  the  Northwest  Territory 

105 


has  yet  to  be  written  in  its  entirety.  The  materials 
for  that  history  are  here  in  abundance.  Marietta 
College,  which  has  been  so  influential  in  building  up 
the  intellectual  life  of  this  section,  has  with  great 
wisdom  been  chosen  as  the  repository  of  much  of  this 
historical  material.  Unfortunately  the  College  is 
without  a  suitable  building  for  housing  such  precious 
documents  as  are  found  among  the  archives  committed 
to  its  keeping.  Can  you,  gentlemen  of  the  Ohio  Com- 
pany, address  yourselves  to  any  more  important  mat- 
ter than  the  collection  and  preservation  of  the  records 
and  documents  which  your  predecessors,  the  pioneers, 
have  left  behind  them?  Do  not  General  Putnam  and 
his  hardy  band  of  followers  who  blazed  the  way  over 
the  mountains  and  founded  here  a  new  nation  deserve 
to  have  erected  by  their  successors  a  permanent 
memorial  as  a  tribute  to  their  heroic  efforts  to  reclaim 
a  wilderness  and  people  it  with  loyal,  law-abiding 
American  citizens?  There  is  not  found  in  the  annals 
of  American  history  a  more  notable  struggle  for 
liberty  and  freedom  than  the  one  which  engaged  the 
hearts  and  minds  and  souls  of  the  Ohio  pioneers. 

What  more  appropriate  spot  for  such  a  memorial 
than  on  the  same  campus  where  you  have  today  com- 
memorated the  compact  between  your  Company  and 
the  Federal  Government?  We  humbly  beseech  you, 
build  it  here  of  solid  New  England  granite,  inscribe 
over  its  portals  and  high  up  on  its  lofty  walls  the 
names  of  Putnam,  Cutler,  Cotton,  Mills,  St.  Clair  and 
all  those  whose  valor  and  self-sacrifice  entitle  them  to 
a  place  in  this  Hall  of  Fame ;  consecrate  the  structure 
to  Clio  the  Muse  of  History  and  depend  upon  it  Mar- 
ietta College  will  raise  up  a  young  Herodotus  who 
will  hand  down  to  succeeding  ages  an  imperishabl'3 
chronicle  of  the  Northwest  Territory. 

106 


ADDRESS 


Attorney  General  Wade  H.  Ellis 


Mr.  Toastmaster,  Gentlemen:  Down  in  Cincin- 
nati where  Nick  Longworth  and  I  live,  there  is  a  small 
stream  that  empties  into  the  Ohio  river  and  is  never 
navigable  at  any  possible  period.  It  is  the  Miami 
river,  and  it  is  the  habit  of  young  men  who  live  on  the 
outskirts  of  Cincinnati  to  spend  a  portion  of  each 
summer  fishing  in  the  Miami  river.  It  is  related  that 
one  day  a  young  farmer  lad  was  out  on  a  raft  in  the 
Miami  river  with  a  pole  and  line,  and  a  thing  hap- 
pened that  very  rarely  happens  on  that  river  —  he 
got  a  bite  and  so  anxious  and  excited  was  he  in  land- 
ing the  fish  that  he  fell  over  into  the  middle  of  the 
stream,  and  was  struggling  and  trying  to  get  on  the 
raft  when  a  farmer  passed  by  and  called  out  to  him : 
'^Hello,  my  boy,  how  did  you  come  to  fall  in?"  The 
young  fellow  blew  the  water  out  of  his  mouth  and 
threw  the  waves  out  and  said :  "I  didn't  come  to  fall 
in,  you  darned  old  fool ;  I  come  to  fish !'' 

I  did  not  come  to  make  a  speech,  I  came,  in  the 
language  of  the  sign  board  on  the  railway  track,  to 
"stop,  look  and  listen."  I  don't  want,  at  this  hour, 
to  give  you  any  more  eloquence,  even  if  I  could.  I 
feel  something  of  the  spirit  that  a  little  boy  in  school 
experienced  when  the  teacher  said  to  him  one  day, 
"What  is  the  meaning  of  elocution?"  He  scratched 
his  head  for  a  moment,  then  said:  "Elocution?  Let 
me  see.  Oh,  yes,  that  is  the  way  people  are  put  to 
death  in  some  of  the  states." 

107 


I  have  enjoyed  particularly  this  boom  that  has  been 
started,  tonight,  for  Vice  President  Fairbanks,  and  I 
want  to  call  your  attention  to  an  important  fact  that 
has  been  brought  out,  and  that  is,  that  Indiana  is  the 
center  of  population,  and  now  we  at  last  understand 
how  it  happens  that  of  all  those  who  are  mentioned  for 
the  next  occupant  of  the  White  House,  Vice  President 
Fairbanks  has  more  people  around  him  than  anybody 
else. 

Like  the  Vice  President,  I  paid  a  visit  once  to  the  old 
home  of  General  Putnam.  I  went,  last  summer,  with 
the  Tuberculosis  Hospital  Commission  of  Ohio,  which, 
as  you  know,  is  undertaking  to  establish  in  this  state  a 
sanatorium,  and  I  went  to  the  little  town  of  Rutland, 
Massachusetts,  where  is  located  the  State  Sanator- 
ium for  the  treatment  of  tuberculosis  in  that  state. 
After  we  visited  the  institute,  I  took  a  walk  through 
that  quaint,  picturesque  old  New  England  village.  I 
went  past  the  ancient  cemetery  and  read  the  lines  on 
some  of  the  tombstones.  There  you  know  it  is  said 
that  one  of  the  quaintest  inscriptions  to  be  found  any 
place  on  a  tombstone  is  located.  A  husband,  doubt- 
less a  kind,  loving  husband,  buried  his  wife  and  put 
upon  her  stone  these  words : 

"Here  lies  Mary  Ann  Gest, 
Asleep  on  Abraham's  breast. 
It  is  a  pretty  good  thing  for  Mary  Ann, 
But  it's  darned  hard  lines  for  Abraham.'* 

As  I  went  through  that  village  I  stopped  at  the  old 
historic  home  and  saw  the  tablet  on  the  front  of  the 
house,  indicating  the  establishment  there  of  the  Ohio 
Company,  and  saw  what  had  been  a  temporary  struc- 
ture that  had  been  erected  on  the  side  of  the  house, 
facing  a  natural  amphitheatre  where  only  a  few  years 
before  his  death  William  McKinley  had  addressed  the 
people  of  that  country,  thousands  of  whom  were  gath- 

108 


ered  there  to  hear  the  great  son  of  Ohio  and  the  great 
son  of  the  nation  come  back  and  lay  his  garland  of 
praise  and  reverence  upon  the  cradle  of  his  state's 
birth.  As  I  stood  there,  I  thought  how  great  the 
courage,  how  hard  the  trials  were  of  those  pioneers 
who  came  out  to  Ohio.  How  strong  in  the  splendor 
of  their  manhood  were  the  men  who  were  running  the 
nation  in  that  day  And  there  passed  in  review  the 
history  of  the  country  since  that  time.  I  heard  the 
first  echoes  of  the  battlefield  of  the  War  of  1812,  and 
saw  the  sturdy  figure  of  Andrew  Jackson.  And  then 
the  Mexican  War;  then  the  civil  strife  which  divided 
the  nation,  and  the  sad,  gaunt,  pathetic  figure  of 
Abraham  Lincoln;  then  the  reconstruction  period, 
then  the  era  of  wealth  getting,  and  finally  the  era  of 
political  corruption,  the  new  dangers  threatening  the 
Republic,  the  danger  and  the  menace  from  great 
aggregation  of  capital  improperly  or  greedily  used; 
and  I  thought :  Are  we,  the  descendants  of  that  type 
of  pioneer,  facing  as  they  would  have  faced,  these 
great  questions?  Has  there  been  a  deterioration  in 
the  race?  Then  a  man  came  to  the  door  and  opened 
it  and  said,  "Won't  you  come  in?"  I  said  "I  will  be 
glad  to  come  in  and  examine  the  house."  He  said: 
"I  will  be  glad  to  show  you."  He  was  a  young  farmer, 
with  all  the  sturdy  character  in  his  face  of  a  typical 
New  Englander.  I  said:  "What  is  your  name?" 
"My  name  is  Putnam."  "Putnam?"  I  said;  "Are 
you  a  lineal  descendant  of  Rufus  Putnam?"  "No,  not 
a  lineal  descendant,  but  the  same  blood."  And  here 
was  the  answer  to  all  my  questions.  The  same  blood, 
the  same  blood  watching  at  the  cradle  of  Ohio's  in- 
fancy. The  same  blood  watchng  the  sacred  shrine 
where  the  great  state  was  born,  and  it  occurred  to  me 
how  true  it  was  that  back  in  Ohio  there  was  the  same 
blood  that  coursed  through  the  veins  of  those  splendid 

109 


pioneers.  And  I  felt  that  we  ought  not  to  fear  that 
men  so  born  would  ever  dishonor  their  lineage,  that 
men  with  that  blood  in  their  veins  would  ever  disgrace 
their  splendid  heritage.  And  I  felt  more  secure  than 
ever  before  in  the  conclusion  that,  though  greater 
problems  confront  us,  today,  than  those  that  con- 
fronted the  pioneers,  the  same  blood,  the  same  brain 
will  solve  them  in  the  same  patriotic  way. 

Tonight  you  have  heard  a  very  eloquent  appeal  to 
the  young  men  of  the  land  to  be  true  to  the  principles 
and  the  inspiration  that  comes  to  them  down  the  line 
of  a  long  and  noble  ancestry.  I  say  to  you,  that  there  is 
not  a  higher  obligation  upon  the  young  men  of  the 
land  than  to  study  these  great  questions  that  present 
themselves  to  us  under  our  system  of  government,  and 
to  be  ready  to  deliver  the  nation  from  any  and  every 
menace  that  may  threaten  it. 

We  stand,  tonight,  upon  the  mountain  heights  of 
time.  Behind  us  is  the  midnight  of  the  centuries; 
before  us  is  the  dawning  of  the  eternal  morning; 
within  us  is  the  still  small  voice  of  conscience  to 
inspire  and  to  prophesy,  pleading  for  our  faithfulness 
to  the  great  work  yet  undone,  pleadng  for  the  devotion 
to  the  highest  good  of  the  myriads  yet  unborn,  plead- 
ing in  the  name  of  truth  and  in  the  name  of  home, 
and  in  the  name  of  God. 


ADDRESS 


John  MeSweeney,  Esq. 


Mr.  Toastmaster  and  Mr.  Vice  President  and  Gen- 
tlemen —  It  is  fit  that  I  should  be  introduced  to  you, 
but  the  citizens  of  your  classic  city  need  no  introduc- 
tion, not  to  know  our  Vice  President,  your  Dawes  and 

110 


jour  Folletts,  and  the  fame  of  your  scholars  would 
argue  ourselves  unknown  and  a  stranger  to  all  those 
who  endeavor. 

But  your  city  has  done  so  much  in  the  way  of  pat- 
riotism and  learning  she  is  no  longer  an  object  of  envy 
or  emulation.  It  is  not  for  modern  mortals  to  com- 
mand such  attainments,  you  have  the  dower  of  age, 
your  ivy  usurps  the  laurel.  You  remind  me  of  St. 
Paul,  your  people  are  not  satisfied  to  register  their 
names  on  the  hotel  books  of  the  world  as  Americans, 
and  citizens  of  Ohio,  but  you  at  all  times  write  "Mar- 
ietta" in  red  ink  and  want  the  world  to  know  that 
Marietta  is  "no  mean  city".  The  story  of  Ohio  —  it 
has  its  Genesis  and  Exodus  here. 

While  visiting  Yale  College  the  other  day  I  learned 
in  a  distant  state,  your  college  is  graded  with  the  first 
in  Ohio.  Jack  Cade,  the  commoner  of  1445,  after  he 
had  put  his  palfrey  to  grass  on  Cheap-Side,  called 
Lord  Say  to  account  for  corrupting  the  youths  of  the 
realm,  by  erecting  "school  houses"  and  talking  of 
"nouns"  and  "verbs,"  and  allowing  "printing"  to  be 
done,  and  building  a  "paper  mill" ;  Lord  Say  answered, 
"I  did  these  things  because  I  believe  that  ignorance  is 
the  curse  of  God,  and  knowledge  the  wings  where- 
withal we  fly  to  heaven."  We  commoners  of  today 
elect  our  servants  to  office  as  champions  of  education, 
knowing  that  education  is  the  cheap  defense  of  a 
people,  and  without  it  man  is  a  savage.  Compel  the 
young  man  and  woman  of  this  part  of  the  state  to  light 
their  slender  torches  from  the  more  redundant  one  of 
your  college,  and  join  with  your  sons  who  have  circled 
the  world  with  ^^Marietta  College  Ughf^  until  we  see 
"God  and  good  in  everything."  Our  State  rejoices  in 
your  work,  that  it  extends  from  Palm  to  Pine,  from 
the  Ganges  to  the  Icebergs. 

Ill 


Aeneas  wept  with  his  friend  Achates  when  he  saw 
Carthage  adorned  with  the  splendors  of  ruined  Troy. 
The  scholar  weeps  with  Aeneas,  whether  he  sees  him 
on  VergiFs  pictured  page,  or  placed  by  the  cunning 
hand  of  the  artist  in  marble  or  on  canvas.  The  past 
is  repeopled  for  him  with  the  martyrs  of  a  former 
civilization.  I  assure  you  it  is  a  great  pleasure  for 
the  State  of  Ohio  to  allow  Marietta  and  her  college  to 
change  the  "lachrymans"  of  ^'x^eneas''  to  "ridens"  and 
ask  this  question  in  her  classic  vernacular ;  "Quis  jam 
locus.  Quae  regio  in  terris,  nostri  non  plena  laboris." 
Like  Webster's  drum  beats,  your  sons  have  encircled 
the  globe  and  are  in  every  state  of  this  union.  We 
find  them  in  the  parliaments,  the  confederations  of  the 
world,  and  one  of  your  illustrious  sons  is  now  on  the 
payrolls  of  our  Congress  giving  his  voice  and  vote  for 
all  sorts  and  conditions  of  bills. 

But  I  must  stop,  the  "star  dials  are  pointing  to 
morn,  the  star  dials  are  hinting  of  morning.'^  I  will 
part  from  you  like  the  fabled  guest  of  the  Tabard  Inn, 
my  feet  ever  moving  onward,  yet  my  face  ever  looking 
back  to  this  night,  ever  asking  you  to  perpetuate  with 
eternal  vigilance  the  two  immortal  elements  of  your 
greatness:  "The  pursuit  of  happiness''  and  "The 
pursuit  of  knowledge." 


112 


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